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NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
IN  HISTORY 


I.  H.  METCALF 


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i  Prom    iiis    last    portrait.  I 
Reproduction    liy    Kimball    studio.    Concord.    N.    H. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
IN  HISTORY 


OR 


The  Contribution  of  the  Granite 

State  to  the  Development 

of  the  Nation 


feY 


HENRY  HARRI50N  METCALF 

State  Historian  Under  Governor  Samual  D.  Felker, 

President  N.  H.  Old  Home  Week  Association; 

Secretary  N.  H.  Ter-Centenary  Commission 


CONCORD,      -      NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
1922 


?4 


PRINTED  BY  W.  B.  RANNEY  COMPANY 

BOUND  BY  CRAGG  BINDERY 

Concord.    New  Hampshire 


-"S£y.  /*u*.    I**-.    £*-.    sfA4*'* 


FOREWORD 

The  basis  of  this  little  volume  is  a  lecture 
which  was  originally  prepared  for  delivery 
before  the  Conway  Woman's  Club,  in 
March  1921,  and  which  was  repeated,  with 
some  additions,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Men's  Club  of  the  Universalist  Church  in 
Concord,  a  year  later.  On  each  of  these 
occasions  there  was  a  very  intelligent  and 
appreciative  audience  in  attendance,  among 
those  present  in  Concord  being  Governor 
Brown,  Secretary  of  State  Bean,  and  Judge 
Corning,  President  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Historical  Society,  as  well  as  many  others 
of  prominence,  all  of  whom  expressed  great 
satisfaction  with  the  lecture,  and  the  hope 
that  it  might  be  published,  in  some  form,  in 
the  near  future. 

In  view  of  these  expressions  and  the  fact 
that  in  Old  Home  Week  of  1923  the  300th 
anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  the  State, 
at  Portsmouth  and  Dover  in  the  spring  of 
1623,  is  to  be  formally  celebrated,  by  virtue 
of  a  joint  resolution  passed  by  the  last 
Legislature,  providing  for  a  Commission 
to  make  the  preliminary  arrangements 
therefor,  the  lecture  in  question,  somewhat 
elaborated  and  extended,  is  presented  in 
the  following  pages,    illustrated    by   por- 

3 


fiK' 


FOREWORD 


traits  of  a  few  of  those  persons  whose  lives 
and  labors  have  been  a  part  of  New  Hamp- 
shire^ contribution  to  the  life  and  progress 
of  the  nation  at  large. 

From  early  boyhood  the  writer  has  been 
interested  in  the  history  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  particularly  in  the  lives  of  those 
who  have  aided  in  giving  the  state  the 
proud  position  it  holds  among  the  states 
of  the  Union.  What  first  called  his  atten- 
tion in  this  direction  was  a  little  poem  on 
"New  Hampshire,"  published  in  the  old 
"Boston  Cultivator,"  about  75  years  ago, 
the  only  lines  of  which  he  can  now  recall 
being  these: 

"Her   names   of   Burke   and   Woodbury, 

Of   Webster   and   of    Cass, 
Pierce,    Greeley,    Hale   and    Atherton, 

No  sister  states  surpass." 

It  was  not  until  many  years  later  that 
the  identity  of  the  author  of  this  poem, 
which  appeared  over  the  pen  name  of 
"Jack,"  who  subsequently  became  one  of 
the  successful  educators  of  the  country  and 
who  is  mentioned  in  the  body  of  this  work, 
became  known  to  the  writer. 

If  there  ever  was  a  time  when  the 
thought  of  every  loyal  resident,  or  absent 
son  and  daughter,  of  the  old  Granite  State 
should  be  turned  toward  its  grand,  historic 
record,  and  the  lives  and  achievements  of 


FOREWORD  5 

those  who  have  made  that  record  what  it 
is,  that  time  is  now,  upon  the  near  approach 
of  the  great  anniversary  occasion  to  which 
reference  has  been  made.  If  this  modest 
publication  shall  contribute  in  any  meas- 
ure to  the  furtherance  of  such  object;  if  it 
shall  stimulate  in  the  minds  of  any  a  deep- 
er love  for  the  state  of  their  birth  or  the 
home  of  their  adoption,  and  stronger  pride 
in  its  magnificent  contribution  to  the  na- 
tion's history  and  especially  if  it  shall  call 
effective  attention  of  those  in  authority  to 
the  crying  need  of  a  simple,  but  compre- 
hensive history  of  New  Hampshire,  for 
universal  use  in  our  public  schools,  the 
writer  will  feel  abundantly  rewarded  for 
his  work. 

HENRY  H.  METCALF. 

Concord,  N.  H.,  1922. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  IN  HISTORY 

The  strongest  incentive  to  future  prog- 
ress is  the  knowledge  of  past  achieve- 
ment, in  individual,  state  or  national  life. 

Familiarity  with  local,  state  or  national 
history  develops  civic  pride,  which  is  the 
basis  of  true  patriotism  and  the  surest 
guaranty  of  loyal  citizenship. 

New  Hampshire  is  one  of  the  smallest 
states  in  the  Union.  Territorially  it  em- 
braces less  than  one  300th  part  of  the  en- 
tire forty-eight  states.  Its  soil  is  rugged; 
its  climate  severe,  and  all  its  conditions  ad- 
verse to  the  prolific  production  of  material 
wealth;  yet  through  the  patient  industry 
and  sturdy  effort  of  those  who  have  tilled 
its  soil  in  generations  past,  it  has  produced 
larger  crops  per  acre  than  any  other  state. 

It  is  reported  that  once  on  a  time  an  in- 
quisitive Westerner  asked  a  distinguished 
representative  of  the  state  what  they  rais- 
ed in  New  Hampshire:  He  replied — "They 
raise  men,"  using  the  term,  of  course  in  a 
generic  sense,  including  men  and  women. 
In  this  he  was,  indeed,  right.  More  men 
and  women,  who  have  made  a  marked  im- 
press for  good  upon  the  life  of  the  nation 
at  large,  have  been  born  in  New  Hampshire 
than  in  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  in 

7 


o  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

proportion  to  population,  and  it  would  al- 
most be  safe  to  say  it  without  the  qualifica- 
tion as  to  population. 
(  The  struggle  against  the  adverse  condi- 
tions, to  which  reference  has  been  made, 
has  contributed  to  the  fuller  development 
of  the  physical,  mental  and  moral  powers 
of  the  people,  so  that,  at  home  or  abroad, 
whenever  their  lot  has  been  cast,  the  sons 
and  daughters  of  New  Hampshire  have 
made  a  record  in  character  and  achieve- 
ment, comparing  most  favorably  with  that 
of  any  other  State. 

Some  inquiring  person  who  looked  the 
matter  up,  finds  that  of  the  23,000  men  and 
women  whose  names  were  found  in  the 
1919  edition  of  "Who's  Who  in  America," 
352,  or  one  in  every  65,  were  born  in  New 
Hampshire,  although  the  total  population 
of  the  State  is  less  than  one  250th  part  of 
the  total  of  the  country  at  large. 

The  people  of  a  state  which  has  con- 
tributed so  much  to  the  life  and  progress 
of  the  nation  should  be  proud  of  its  his- 
tory, and  teach  their  children  to  cherish  a 
like  sentiment  of  loyalty  and  devotion.  I 
venture  to  suggest,  moreover,  that  the 
study  of  New  Hampshire  history  should 
be  made  a  part  of  the  curriculum,  in  all 
the  schools  of  the  State  above  the  primary 
grades,    and    that   the    state   government 


John   Langdon 

Reproduction    by    Kimball    Studio,    Concord,    N.     H. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY  * 

should  take  steps,  at  once,  to  secure  the 
compilation  and  publication  of  a  proper 
text  book  for  use  in  the  schools  in  carrying 
out  such  purpose. 

Of  the  258  cities  and  towns  in  the  state, 
only  about  75,  or  less  than  one-third  of  the 
entire  number,  have  published  histories, 
and  many  of  these  are  of  comparatively 
ancient  date  and  far  from  being  complete- 
It  is  most  desirable  that  every  town,  which 
has  not  already  done  so,  should  take  meas- 
ures at  once  to  secure  the  preparation  and 
publication  of  as  complete  and  accurate  a 
history  as  possible. 

It  is  not  my  purpose,  here,  to  deal  with 
the  history  of  New  Hampshire,  in  general 
or  detail.  To  do  either  in  a  satisfactory 
manner  would  require  an  extended  series 
of  addresses  whose  publication  would  fill 
a  large  volume.  I  am  simply  to  speak  of 
"New  Hampshire  in  History"— to  con- 
sider, briefly,  New  Hampshire's  part  in  the 
upbuilding  of  our  republic— its  contribu- 
tion to  the  life  of  the  nation  and  the  prog- 
ress of  the  world.  Some  reference,  how- 
ever, to  the  beginnings  of  the  State  and  the 
development  of  its  government  may  prop- 
erly be  made  in  the  outset. 

What  white  man,  or  men,  first  saw  the 
New  Hampshire  coast  is  now  unknown. 
The  Norse  explorers  of  the  10th  century, 


10  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

may  or  may  not  have  landed  at  Hampton 
Beach,  as  some  ancient    legends    have  it. 
Whether  they  did  or  not  is  immaterial ;  nor 
does  it  matter  whether  or  not  Bartholo- 
mew Gosnold,  the  early  English  explorer, 
who  visited  the  coast  of  Maine  in  1602,  and 
made  his  way  thence  to  Cape  Cod,  observ- 
ed any  part  of  New  Hampshire  as  he  pur- 
sued his  voyage.    It  seems  to  be  admitted 
that  Martin  Pring,  who  came  over  from 
England  in  1603,  with  an  expedition  of  43 
men,  in  two  small  vessels,   was   the   first 
Englishman  who  really   visited   the    New 
Hampshire  coast.      He    is  credited    with 
having  sailed  up  the  Piscataqua  River  for 
several  miles,  and  must  consequently  have 
seen,  if  he  did  not  land  upon,  the  territory 
now  occupied  by  Portsmouth  and  Dover. 
In  the  following  year  a  French  expedi- 
tion under  De    Monts,   who  was   accom- 
panied by  Champlain,  sailed  along  the  same 
coast,   and  on  the   16th   day   of   July,   as 
Champlain  writes,  a  party  from  the  ex- 
pedition made  a  landing  at  a  point  or  cape, 
since  determined  to  be  Odiorne's  Point  in 
the  present  town  of  Rye,  where  they  met 
some  of  the  natives  and  gave  them  small 
presents.     This  is  the    first    credible   ac- 
count of  the  landing  of  any  white  men  on 
the  New  Hampshire  shore.    Nothing  came 
however,  of  the  visits  of  either  Pring  or 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  H 

De  Monts,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the 
visit  of  Capt.  John  Smith,  with  a  small 
party  from  his  Monhegan  Island  expedi- 
tion, to  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  in  the  summer 
of  1614,  that  any  attention  was  directed  to 
this  region.  He  made  a  map  of  the  coast, 
and  gave  a  glowing  description  of  the  coun- 
try on  his  return  to  England.  To  the 
islands,  which  he  traversed  extensively,  he 
gave  his  own  name,  calling  them  "Smith's 
Islands,"  and  at  his  suggestion  the  name  of 
New  England  was  applied  to  the  country 
at  large. 

In  1622  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  Capt. 
John  Mason  received  from  the  King  of 
England  a  grant  of  all  the  territory  be- 
tween the  Merrimack  and  Sagadohoc 
rivers,  and  running  back  to  the  great  lakes, 
the  same  being  then  named  "Laconia." 
They  proceeded  to  form  a  company,  with 
a  view  to  settlement,  and  in  the  following 
spring  sent  over  an  expedition,  in  two 
parties,  one  headed  by  David  Thompson, 
and  the  other  by  Edward  and  William  Hil- 
ton. Thompson's  party  landed  at  Little 
Harbor,  then  included  in  the  territory  of 
Portsmouth  or  "Strawberry  Bank,"  but 
now  in  Rye ;  while  the  Hiltons  went  up  the 
river  to  Dover  Point,  and  there  located. 
A  year  or  two  later  Thompson  and  his 
party,  who  had  become  dissatisfied    with 


12  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

their  location,  abandoned  the  same  and  re- 
moved to  an  island  in  Boston  Harbor,  and 
it  was  not  till  several  years  later  that  any 
permanent  settlement  was  made  at  Ports- 
mouth. The  Dover  settlement  continued, 
however,  and  was  undoubtedly  the  first 
permanent  settlement  in  the  state.*  Here, 
in  1633,  the  first  church  building  in  New 
Hampshire  was  erected,  the  present  First 
Parish  Church  in  Dover  being  its  legiti- 
mate successor. 

In  her  thrilling  poem,  entitled  "New 
Hampshire,"  written  for  the  250th  anni- 
versary celebration  of  the  settlement  of 
the  state,  by  the  N.  H.  Historical  Society; 
Edna  Dean  Proctor,  New  Hampshire's 
female  poet  laureate,    speaks  as  follows: 

"A  goodly  realm,  said  Captain  Smith, 
Scanning  the  coast  by  the  Isles  of  Shoals, 
While  the  wind  blew   fair  as  in  Indian  myth, 
Blows  the  breeze  from  the  land  of  souls; 
Blew  from  the  marshes  of  Hampton,  spread 
Level  and  green  that  summer  day, 
And  over  the  brow  of  Great  Boar's  Head, 
From  the  pines  that  stretched  to  the  West  away. 
And  sunset  died  on  the  rippling  sea, 
Ere  to  the  south,  with  the   wind,   sailed  he. 
But  he  told  the  story  in  London  streets 

♦This  is  in  accordance  with  the  account  adopted  by  Bel- 
knap and  other  early  historians;  but  recent  writers  have 
sought  to  make  it  appear  that  the  Dover  settlement  was 
not  made  until  a  later  indefinite  date. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  13 

And  again  to  court  and  prince  and  king. 
"A  truce,"  men  cried,  "to  Virginia  heats — 
The  North  is  the  land  of  Hope  and  Spring!" 
And  in  sixteen  hundred  and  twenty-three, 
For  Dover  meadows  and  Portsmouth  river, 
Bold  and  earnest,  they  crossed  the  sea, 
And  the  realm  was  theirs  and  ours  forever!" 

For  fifteen  years  these  settlements  re- 
mained the  only  white  settlements  within 
the  limits  of  what  is  now  the  state  of  New 
Hampshire.  Fishing  and  trading  with  the 
Indians  were  the  primary  objects  of  the 
first  settlers,  and  no  more  attention  was 
paid  to  agriculture  than  was  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  life  for 
the  first  few  years,  notwithstanding  the 
superior  richness  of  the  soil  in  the  ad- 
jacent country,  where  now  are  found  some 
of  the  finest  farms  in  the  state. 

In  1638  two  other  settlements  were  made 
— one  at  Hampton  and  one  at  Exeter,  the 
former  headed  by  Rev.  Stephen  Bachilor, 
and  the  latter  by  Rev.  John  Wheelock,  both 
noted  religious  leaders  of  their  day,  and 
the  settlements  largely  made  up  of  their 
devoted  followers. 

These  four  settlements — Dover,  Ports- 
mouth, Hampton  and  Exeter — were  prac- 
tically all  there  were  in  the  province  for 
more  than  40  years,  their  grants  cover- 
ing the  entire  eastern  portion  of  what  is 


14  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

now  Rockingham  county  and  the  larger 
part  of  Strafford.  Each  had  its  own  local 
government  and  enacted  its  own  laws, 
though  acknowledging  allegiance  to  the 
British  crown,  and  nominally  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts.  It  may  prop- 
erly be  stated  that  there  were  fishing  set- 
tlements on  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  which  were 
partly  within  New  Hampshire  limits, 
though  of  transient  and  changing  nature, 
nearly  if  not  quite  as  early  as  any  on  the 
mainland,  but  there  is  no  recorded  evidence 
of  any  government  or  organization  there, 
till  considerably  later. 

In  March  1679-80  a  separate  government 
was  set  up  for  the  New  Hampshire  prov- 
ince, with  a  Governor,  or  President  as 
then  called,  Council  and  Assembly, — the 
Governor  and  Council  being  named  by  the 
King  and  the  Assembly  chosen  by  the 
people  of  the  several  towns  or  settlements. 
John  Cutt  was  appointed  President.  The 
call  for  the  Assembly  included  the  names 
of  the  men  in  the  several  settlements  en- 
titled to  vote  of  whom  there  were  71  in 
Portsmouth,  60  in  Dover,  57  in  Hampton 
and  20  in  Exeter. 

This  first  General  Assembly  of  New 
Hampshire,  which  met  at  Portsmouth  on 
the  16th  day  of  March,  1679-80,  enacted  a 
"body  of  laws,"    establishing    courts,  pro- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 


15 


viding  for  trial  by  jury,  prescribing  severe 
penalties  for  various  crimes,  levying  taxes, 
fixing  the  age  of  majority,  etc.  Represen- 
tatives were  chosen  annually  thereafter, 
and  the  assembly  met  once  each  year,  or 
oftener,  Portsmouth  being  the  meeting 
place  for  the  first  four  assemblies.  The 
fifth  met  at  Great  Island  or  Newcastle,  as 
it  is  now  known,  which  had  formerly  been 
a  part  of  Portsmouth.  Subsequently  the 
meetings  were  sometimes  held  in  Ports- 
mouth and  sometimes  in  Newcastle. 

It  was  not  until  the  Eighth  Assembly,  in 
1692,  that  a  representative  appeared  from 
any  settlement  outside  the  four  originally 
named.  At  that  time  one  came  in  from 
the  Isles  of  Shoals,  the  southern  portion  of 
which  belonged  to  New  Hampshire  and 
subsequently  became  the  town  of  Gosport, 
where  quite  a  settlement  of  fishermen  was 
located. 

Meanwhile,  from  December  20v  1686, 
New  Hampshire  became  a  part  of  the 
Royal  Province  of  New  England,  including 
all  the  territory  now  included  in  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  and 
Rhode  Island,  to  which  Connecticut  was 
subsequently  added,  which  arrangement 
continued  about  three  years;  then  followed 
a  year  with  no  province  government  at  all, 
and  in  1690  a  union    with    Massachusetts 


16  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

was  effected  which  continued  till  1692, 
when  separate  government  for  New  Hamp- 
shire was  again  established. 

In  the  Tenth  Assembly,  which  held  two 
sessions,  in  Newcastle,  October  18,  1693  to 
May  24,  1694,  that  town  first  had  represen- 
tation, two  delegates  appearing  therefor, 
while  Dover  had  three,  Portsmouth  three, 
Exeter  two,  Hampton  three,  and  the  Isles 
of  Shoals  one.  The  Fourteenth  Assembly 
which  held  two  sessions,  met  once  in  Hamp- 
ton. In  the  Twenty-third  Assembly,  cov- 
ering the  time  from  July,  1704  to  Novem- 
ber, 1714,  the  town  of  Kingston  (then 
known  as  Kingstown)  had  a  representative. 
Stratham  came  in,  in  the  Twenty-sixth,  in 
1716,  and  Hampton  Falls  in  the  Twenty- 
eighth,  in  1718.  Rye  was  the  next  town  to 
have  representation,  then  Londonderry, 
Greenland,  Newington  and  Durham,  fol- 
lowed, later,  by  Newmarket.  Concord 
came  in,  in  the  Forty-third  assembly,  in 
1745,  as  did  Chester  and  South  Hampton, 
and  there  were  gradual  accessions,  as  set- 
tlements had  been  extended,  till,  in  1775, 
there  were  thirty-four  towns  and  places, 
represented  by  thirty-five  members,  some 
having  two  or  more  members,  and  some 
members  representing  two  or  more  classed 
towns  each. 

Many  towns  had  been  established  in  the 


Gen.   John    Sullivan 


Reproduction    by    Kimball    studio.    Concord,    N.    H. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  17 

southern  part  of  the  province,  up  the 
Merrimack  valley,  in  the  southwestern 
section  and  along  up  the  Connecticut,  and 
the  province  had  been  divided  into  five 
counties — Rockingham,  Strafford,  Hills- 
borough, Cheshire  and  Grafton.  The  set- 
tlers had  endured  hardship  and  privation, 
suffered  from  Indian  depredations,  hard 
winters  and  crop  failures,  but  had  develop- 
ed strength  of  character  and  a  spirit  of  in- 
dependence. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  New  Hamp- 
shire began  to  take  a  prominent  part  in  the 
making  of  American  history,  although  the 
people  of  the  province  had  rendered  their 
full  share  of  service  in  the  French  and 
Indian  wars  in  the  middle  of  the  century, 
which  had  resulted  twice  in  the  siege  and 
capture  of  Louisburg  by  the  forces  under 
command  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  a  New 
Hampshire  man;  the  reduction  and  cap- 
ture of  Crown  Point,  and  the  conquest  and 
capture  of  Canada  from  the  French.  More 
than  2,500  New  Hampshire  men  had  been 
engaged  in  the  service,  of  whom  500  had 
been  engaged  in  the  last  seige  of  Louis- 
burg and  as  many  at  Crown  Point. 

The  independent  spirit  had  begun  to  as- 
sert itself,  however,  at  an  even  earlier 
date.  The  Assembly,  elected  by  and  re- 
sponsible to  the  people,  had  all  along  claim- 


IK  w    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

ed  the  right  to  determine  who  should  be 
admitted  to  membership  therein,  and  re- 
fused to  allow  men  to  occupy  seats  who 
had  been  called  by  the  Governor  from 
places  not  previously  represented.  This 
disagreement  became  so  sharp  that  during 
the  entire  life  of  the  Forty-fifth  General 

sembly,  from  1749  to  1751  inclusive, 
there  was  no  legislation  at  all  enacted. 

The  impositions  put  upon  the  colonies 
by  the  British  government  had  long  been 
resented.  The  Stamp  Act,  followed  by 
the  tax  on  tea,  and  other  oppressive  im- 
posts, had  so  aroused  the  indignation  of 
the  people  that  armed  resistance  seemed 
imminent;  while  the  manifest  purpose  of 
the  government  to  enforce  its  edicts  by 
military  power  kindled  the  fire  of  revolu- 
tion in  the  popular  mind. 

It  was  on  New  Hampshire  soil,  on  the 
night  of  December  17,  1774,  that  the  first 
overt  act  of  the  Revolution  was  perform- 
ed.. This  was  the  assault  upon  Fort  Wil- 
liam and  Mary,  at  Newcastle,  by  a  party  of 
patriots,  led  by  John  Sullivan  of  Durham 
and  John  Langdon  of  Portsmouth,  which 
resulted  in  the  capture  and  taking  away  of 
a  large  quantity  of  gunpowder  and  other 
munitions,  the  small  garrison  being  taken 
by  surprise  and  no  bloodshed  ensuing. 
This  powder,  by  the  way,  as  is  generally 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  19 

known,  was  furnished  to  the  patriot  forces, 
who  fought  at  Bunker  Hill,  nearly  two- 
thirds  of  whom  were  New  Hampshire  men 
under  Stark  and  Reid,  stationed  at  the 
"rail  fence,"  who  held  their  ground  and 
covered  the  retreat  of  the  Massachusetts 
men  from  the  hill,  thus  preventing  the 
threatened  rout,  and  turning  what  seemed 
at  first  a  disastrous  defeat  into  a  practical 
victory  for  the  patriot  forces,  in  that  it 
demonstrated  their  valor,  and  ability  to 
resist  effectively  the  trained  forces  of 
Great  Britain.  It  was  in  this  contest,  that 
one  of  the  bravest  and  most  promising  of 
New  Hampshire's  soldiers  lost  his  life — 
Maj.  Andrew  McClary  of  Epsom,  who  was 
struck  by  a  stray  cannon  shot  near  the 
close  of  the  action. 

The  population  of  New  Hampshire  at 
this  time,  as  shown  by  the  census  of  1775, 
was  82,200.  Portsmouth,  then  regarded 
as  the  capital,  was  by  far  the  largest  town, 
having  a  population  of  4,590.  Second  in 
population  was  Londonderry,  then  includ- 
ing wThat  is  now  Derry,  Windham,  a  part 
of  Manchester,  and  some  other  territory, 
which  then  had  2,590  inhabitants.  Exeter 
had  1,741,  Dover  1,666,  Rochester  1,548, 
Amherst  1,428  and  Durham  1,214. 

It  is  proper  to  mention  that  from  May  17, 
1774,  till  January  1776,  no  legislation  was 


20  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

enacted  in  the  province,  and  no  regularly 
constituted  government  existed  during  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  time.  The 
Assembly,  whose  members  were  chosen  by 
the  people,  and  were  generally  imbued 
with  a  patriotic  spirit  and  a  disregard  for 
the  royal  prerogative,  could  not,  or  would 
not,  conform  to  the  demands  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, Sir  John  Wentworth,  who,  while 
a  native  of  the  province,  and  sincerely  de- 
sirous of  promoting  its  material  interests, 
was  a  thorough  loyalist,  and  would  brook 
nothing  which,  to  his  mind,  smacked  of 
disloyalty  to  the  King  and  mother  country. 
Because  of  the  disloyal  or  insubordinate 
spirit  manifested,  the  Governor  had  dis- 
missed the  General  Assembly  in  June,  1774. 
He  soon  came  to  realize  that  revolution 
was  "in  the  air."  His  efforts  to  secure  men 
to  go  to  the  assistance  of  Gen.  Gage,  the 
British  commander  in  Boston,  in  the  erec- 
tion of  barracks  for  his  troops,  were  un- 
availing, as  nobody  would  respond,  and  his 
proclamation  ordering  the  arrest  and  pun- 
ishment of  the  men  engaged  in  the  assault 
on  Fort  William  and  Mary,  fell  flat  and 
was  utterly  ignored.  He  remained  in 
Portsmouth,  however,  for  some  time  long- 
er, though  little  respect  was  shown  for  his 
authority  by  the  people  generally,  and  he 
was  subjected  at  times  to  actual  indignity, 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  21 

so  that  he  finally  repaired  to  the  fort,  and 
in  August,  1775,  embarked  for  Boston,  re- 
maining some  time  under  the  protection  of 
the  British  fleet  or  army,  and  later  depart- 
ing for  England,  where  he  remained  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 

It  is  proper  to  remark  in  this  connection 
that  Sir  John  Wentworth,  whose  knightly 
title  came  later  in  life,  was  really  the  best, 
the  most  enterprising  and  progressive,  of 
all  the  royal  governors.  He  was  a  pioneer 
in  the  cause  of  advanced  education,  and 
was  mainly  instrumental  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Dartmouth  College.  He  really 
originated  the  "Summer  home"  movement, 
which  in  later  years  has  done  so  much  to 
promote  the  prosperity  of  the  State,  by 
establishing  a  summer  home  for  himself 
on  the  shore  of  Smith's  Pond,  (since  called 
Lake  Wentworth  in  his  honor)  in  Wolfe- 
boro,  and  erecting  there  a  fine  residence. 
Moreover  he  did  more  than  all  his  prede- 
cessors to  promote  the  building  of  roads 
in  the  province,  extending  them  to  the  new 
settlements,  and  particularly  to  the  north- 
ward, with  the  view  of  making  direct  com- 
munication with  Canada,  a  scheme  which 
had  it  not  been  interrupted  by  war  might 
ultimately  have  made  Portsmouth  instead 
of  Boston  the  great  commercial    city    of 


22 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 


New  England,  and  the  main  seaport  of  the 
North  Atlantic  coast. 

But  although  government  under  royal 
prerogative  had  disappeared,  the  people  of 
the  colony  were  alive  to  their  own  interests, 
and  representatives,  duly  chosen  from  the 
several  towns,  met  in  convention  or  Con- 
gress to  consider  the  situation  and  take  such 
action  as  might  be  deemed  expedient.  Five 
of  these  Provincial  Congresses  were  called 
and  held  between  July,  1774  and  December, 
1775,  all  at  Exeter.  The  first  of  these  met 
July  21,  1774,  having  been  called  through 
the  action  of  the  members  of  the  Assembly 
which  although  dissolved  by  the  Governor, 
had  been  recalled  by  the  Committee  of 
Correspondence, — a  body  whose  previous 
appointment  by  the  Assembly  had  been  ob- 
jected to  by  the  Governor.  This  Congress 
elected  delegates  to  a  General  Congress  of 
the  Colonies,  to  be  held  in  Philadelphia,  and 
John  Sullivan  and  Nathaniel  Folsom  were 
the  men  chosen;  while  John  Wentworth 
(the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  not  Gover- 
nor John)  Meshech  Weare,  Josiah  Bart- 
lett,  Christopher  Toppan  and  John  Picker- 
ing, were  named  as  a  Committee  to  "in- 
struct" the  delegates  and  to  name  others 
in  their  places,  if  necessary. 

A  second  Congress  was  held  January  22, 
1775,  and  a  third  on  April  25  of  the  same 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  23 

year,  the  latter  called  because  of  the  crisis 
precipitated  by  the  conflict  of  April  19,  at 
Lexington  and  Concord,  Mass.,  the  trans- 
actions of  which  body  were  kept  a  profound 
secret ;  but  it  was  succeeded,  on  May  17,  fol- 
lowing by  a  fourth  Congress,  whose  session 
continued  over  a  period  of  six  months, 
and  which,  early  in  its  deliberations,  adopt- 
ed a  resolution  "in  view  of  the  evident  pur- 
pose of  the  British  government  to  subju- 
gate this  and  the  other  American  Colonies 
to  the  most  abject  slavery,"  providing  for 
the  raising  immediately  of  2,000  effective 
men  in  the  province,  including  officers  and 
those  already  in  service,  their  enrollment 
to  continue  until  the  last  day  in  December, 
unless  the  Committee  of  Safety  should 
deem  it  proper  that  a  part  or  the  whole  be 
discharged  sooner. 

This  Committee  of  Safety,  which  was  ap- 
pointed on  the  same  day,  was  a  body  of 
supreme  importance,  clothed  with  power  to 
co-operate  with  Congress,  and  the  succes- 
sive legislatures  relative  to  the  common 
defence  and  the  prosecution  of  the  war, 
and  authorized  to  deal  with  all  emergen- 
cies that  might  arise  when  the  legislature 
was  not  in  session.  As  originally  named 
the  Committee  consisted  of  Matthew 
Thornton,  Josiah  Bartlett,  William  Whip- 
ple,    Nathaniel    Folsom     and     Ebenezer 


24  NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY 

Thompson.  Other  members  were  soon  af- 
ter added  among  them  being  Meshech 
Weare,  who  became  chairman  in  1776,  and 
continued  throughout  the  war. 

The  Fifth  Provincial  Congress,  called 
for  December  21,  1775,  voted  on  December 
28,  to  take  up  the  matter  of  establishing  a 
form  of  civil  government,  and  Matthew 
Thornton,  Meshech  Weare,  Ebenezer 
Thompson,  Wiseman  Claggett  and  Ben- 
jamin Giles  were  appointed  a  committee 
"to  frame  and  bring  in  a  draft  or  plan  of 
a  new  Constitution  for  the  rule  and  gov- 
ernment of  the  colony."  The  Committee 
proceeded  with  its  work,  and  on  the  5th 
day  of  January,  following,  its  reportwas 
accepted  and  adopted,  and  the  new  inde- 
pendent government  was  put  in  operation, 
six  months  before  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence by  the  Continental  Congress, 
at  Philadelphia,  and  the  first  of  all  the  in- 
dependent colonial  governments  to  be  es- 
tablished. 

Thus  New  Hampshire  was  at  the  very 
front  in  the  great  struggle  for  American 
independence,  not  only  in  the  military  but 
in  the  civil  point  of  view.  Meshech  Weare, 
who  was  the  Governor  (or  rather  Presi- 
dent, as  the  chief  executive  was  called  un- 
der this  first  Constitution)  all  through  the 
Revolution,  and  until  the  new  State  consti- 


Gen.  John  Stark 

Reproduction    by    Kimball     Studio,    Concord,    N.    H. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  25 

tution  was  adopted  in  1784,  as  well  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  was 
Washington's  most  trusted  confidant  and 
adviser;  while  John  Langdon,  sound  in 
judgment  but  impetuous  in  action,  was  a 
tower  of  strength  in  every  emergency.  He 
it  was  through  whose  instrumentality  Gen. 
Stark's  Bennington  expedition,  which  won 
the  victory  over  the  Hessians  and  turned 
the  tide  in  favor  of  the  patriot  cause  at  a 
very  critical  emergency,  was  raised  and 
equipped.  The  treasury  was  empty  at  the 
time  and  no  means  in  sight  for  providing 
the  needed  funds.  He  was  speaker  of  the 
House  and  finally  addressed  that  body, 
saying:  "I  have  §1,000  in  hard  money;  I 
will  pledge  my  plate  for  $3,000  more ;  I  have 
70  hogsheads  of  Tobago  rum  which  I  will 
sell  for  the  most  it  will  bring.  They  are  at 
the  service  of  the  State."  The  expedition 
was  raised,  and  Langdon  himself,  who  was 
a  soldier  as  well  as  a  civilian  leader  served 
therein,  and  fought  afterward,  as  a  captain 
of  volunteers,  at  Stillwater  and  Saratoga. 
No  other  state,  large  or  small,  contribut- 
ed such  a  galaxy  of  heroic  names  to  the 
military  history  of  the  Revolution,  as  did 
New  Hampshire,  including  Stark,  Sullivan, 
Reid,  Poor,  Cilley,  Scammell,  Dearborn  and 
a  host  of  others  of  lesser  fame,  but  no  less 
courage  and  devotion. 


26  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Sullivan  was  Washington's  strong  de- 
pendence in  the  field,  as  was  Weare  in  civil 
affairs.  He  commanded  the  left  wing  of 
the  army  at  the  siege  of  Boston;  was  with 
Washington  in  the  trying  New  Jersey 
campaign,  sharing  the  sufferings  of  Valley 
Forge,  commanding  the  right  wing  at  the 
passage  of  the  Delaware,  the  capture  of 
the  Hessians  at  Trenton,  at  the  battle  of 
Princeton,  with  John  Stark  in  the  van, 
and  at  Brandywine  and  Germantown.  He 
led  the  famous  expedition  against  Britain's 
savage  allies,  the  Six  Nations  or  Mohawk 
Indians,  in  western  New  York  in  1777. 
These  Indians  had  been  for  a  long  time, 
conducting  a  "fire  in  the  rear,"  so  to  speak, 
and  greatly  hampering  the  patriot  cause, 
and  it  became  necessary  to  suppress  their 
operations  by  decisive  action.  The  expedi- 
tion was  an  important  and  a  dangerous 
one,  and  required  a  leader  of  the  greatest 
courage  and  coolest  judgment,  and  John 
Sullivan  was  selected  for  the  part.  The 
Indians  were  surprised  in  their  villages, 
the  latter  destroyed  and  their  forces  utter- 
ly routed,  the  result  being  a  victory  no  less 
substantial  in  effect  than  that  of  Stark  at 
Bennington.  Here  it  should  be  said  that 
Gen.  Enoch  Poor  was  Sullivan's  leading 
supporter  in  this  expedition,  and  conducted 
himself  no  less  gallantly  than  when  he  bore 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  27 

the  brunt  of  battle  at  Stillwater,  and  led 
the  advance  at  Saratoga. 

All  through  the  Revolution  New  Hamp- 
shire men  were  actively  engaged  in  almost 
every  conflict,  and  New  Hampshire  officers 
rendered  conspicuous  service.  In  the  last 
crowning  conflict — the  siege  of  York- 
town — the  state  was  prominently  repre- 
sented. Here  Alexander  Scammell  of  Dur- 
ham, law  student  with  John  Sullivan  at  the 
opening  of  hostilities,  who  entered  the  ser- 
vice at  once  and  fought  gallantly  to  the 
end  of  the  struggle,  then  Adjutant  General 
of  the  Army,  lost  his  life;  and  here  Henry 
Dearborn  of  Nottingham,  who  led  60  min- 
ute men  from  that  town  to  Cambridge  in 
36  hours,  after  the  Lexington  alarm,  and 
was  with  Stark  at  Bunker  Hill,  was  also  in 
active  service  as  Deputy  Quartermaster 
General. 

How  many  New  Hampshire  men  were 
engaged  in  the  military  service  of  the  coun- 
try during  the  Revolutionary  period  can 
never  be  accurately  determined.  Prof. 
John  K.  Lord  of  Dartmouth  College,  a 
careful  historian,  in  his  article  on  New 
Hampshire  in  the  Encyclopedia  Brittanica, 
put  the  total  at  12,479.  Adjutant  General 
Harris  of  the  War  Department,  replying 
to  my  recent  inquiry,  says :  "From  a  report 
of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  the  House  of 


28  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Representatives,  dated  May  10,  1790,  it  ap- 
pears that  the  number  of  troops  and  militia 
furnished  from  time  to  time  by  the  State 
of  New  Hampshire,  during  the  Revolution- 
ary War,  was  18,289."  He  adds,  however, 
that  it  is  believed  these  figures  are  inaccur- 
ate, as  they  undoubtedly  contain  many  du- 
plications, resulting  from  re-enlistments, 
etc.,  but  they  are  furnished  from  the  best 
data  obtainable,  and  are  given  for  what 
they  are  worth.  It  is  probable  that  the 
figures  furnished  by  Prof.  Lord  are  more 
nearly  correct;  but  even  these  show  a  re- 
markable percentage  of  men  in  the  service. 
Twelve  thouand  soldiers,  out  of  a  total  pop- 
ulation of  80,000  people,  is  a  wonderful 
demonstration  of  the  patriotism  of  the 
State. 

Here  it  may  be  said,  as  well  as  anywhere, 
that  in  all  subsequent  wars  of  the  Republic 
New  Hampshire  performed  her  part  brave- 
ly and  well.  In  the  war  of  1812,  sometimes 
called  "the  second  war  for  independence," 
although  largely  fought  on  the  water,  in 
contests  between  individual  vessels  of  war 
on  either  side,  and  involving  the  enlistment 
of  comparatively  few  men  in  the  military 
service,  there  were  about  2,000  New  Hamp- 
shire men  enlisted;  while  a  New  Hamp- 
shire man,  General  Henry  Dearborn,  was 
the  commander  of  all  the  forces  enrolled, 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  29 

and  another  New  Hampshire  officer,  Gen- 
eral James  Miller,  who  led  the  brilliant 
charge  at  Lundy's  Lane  in  the  battle  of 
Bridgewater  in  Canada,  and  commanded 
a  division  at  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie,  and 
who  was  called  by  Hawthorne  "New  Eng- 
land's most  distinguished  soldier,"  was  the 
hero  of  the  greatest  exploit  on  land,  al- 
ways excepting  the  battle  of  New  Orleans, 
fought  by  General  Jackson,  after  the  war 
was  really  over  and  the  peace  treaty  ac- 
tually signed.  It  was  on  the  northern 
border,  in  fact,  that  the  land  conflict  was 
largely  fought,  though,  in  a  hurried  raid 
by  the  British,  the  capitol  at  Washington 
was  burned.  Other  New  Hampshire  of- 
ficers distinguishing  themselves  in  the  con- 
test, at  Chippewa,  Niagara  and  Fort  Erie, 
were  Generals  John  McNeil  of  Hillsboro, 
and  Eleazer  W.  Ripley,  native  of  Hanover. 
During  the  Civil  War,  New  Hampshire 
contributed  32,750  men  to  the  Union  Army, 
a  larger  proportionate  number,  it  is  claim- 
ed, than  any  other  State.  The  first  blood 
shed  in  the  contest  was  that  of  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  Luther  C.  Ladd,  born  in 
the  town  of  Alexandria,  December  22,  1843, 
who  fell  during  the  passage  of  the  6th 
Massachusetts  Regiment,  of  which  he  was 
a  member,  through  the  city  of  Baltimore, 
April  19,  1861,  the  troops  having  been  at- 


30  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

tacked  by  a  mob  of  Southern  sympathizers, 
and  several  of  their  number  wounded,  two 
mortally,  of  whom  young  Ladd  was  one. 

All  through  the  war  New  Hampshire  sol- 
diers were  in  the  thick  of  the  fight,  and  the 
best  blood  of  the  State  was  freely  shed,  all 
the  way  from  Bull  Run  to  Appomattox. 
The  names  of  Porter,  Foster,  Cram,  Mars- 
ton,  Griffin,  Bedel,  Harriman,  Bell,  Hender- 
son, Whipple,  Lull,  Cross,  Putnam,  Gardi- 
ner, Quarles,  Briggs,  Stevens,  Blair,  Farr, 
Clough,  Patterson  and  a  host  of  others,  of 
the  gallant  sons  of  the  State,  who  distin- 
guished themselves  in  the  contest,  will  long 
remain  a  galaxy  of  honor  on  the  pages  of 
our  national  history.  While  so  many  serv- 
ed bravely  and  well  it  is  bestowing  no  in- 
vidious distinction  if  special  mention  be 
made  of  the  gallant  commanders  of  New 
Hampshire  regiments,  Haldimand  S.  Put- 
nam of  Cornish,  of  the  Seventh,  who  fell  in 
leading  the  desperate  assault  upon  Fort 
Wagner,  Louis  Bell  of  Chester,  mor- 
tally wounded  at  Fort  Fisher,  and  Everett 
E.  Cross  of  Lancaster,  of  the  "Fighting 
Fifth,"  who  died  at  Gettysburg.  The  last 
named  regiment,  be  it  noted,  had  the  repu- 
tation of  losing  more  men  in  action  than 
any  other  Union  regiment  during  the  war. 

Nor  was  it  on  land  alone,  that  the  sons 
of  the  Granite  State  rendered  splendid  ser- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  31 

vice  in  the  war  for  the  Union.  The  records 
of  the  Navy  contain  no  names  more  bril- 
liant than  those  of  Rear  Admirals  George 
E.  Belknap,  John  G.  Walker,  Enoch  G.  Par- 
rott  and  George  H.  Wadleigh,  Commodore 
George  H.  Perkins,  and  Capt.  James  S. 
Thornton,  the  first  of  whom  fired  the  last 
shot  at  the  evacuation  of  Charleston,  and 
the  last  was  the  executive  officer  of  the 
Kearsarge,  under  Commodore  Winslow,  in 
the  famous  fight  with  the  "Alabama,"  un- 
der the  Confederate  Admiral  Semmes, 
which  resulted  in  the  sinking  of  the  latter 
vessel,  which  had  become  a  veritable 
"scourge  of  the  seas." 

Special  mention  is  also  due  the  memory 
of  Commodore  Tunis  A.  M.  Craven,  native 
of  Portsmouth,  who  as  Commander  of  the 
Monitor  Tecumseh,  fired  the  first  shot  at 
the  battle  of  Mobile  Bay,  and  gallantly 
went  to  his  death,  when  his  vessel  sank  as 
the  result  of  an  explosion. 

And  here  it  may  well  be  stated  that  it 
was  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  that  the  Kear- 
sarge was  built,  the  solid  oak  for  its  frame- 
work having  been  cut  from  the  foot  hills 
of  Kearsarge  Mountain  in  Warner,  by 
Joseph  Barnard  of  Hopkinton,  and  its 
gallant  crew,  composed  largely  of  New 
Hampshire  men,  just  as  in  the  earlier  Rev- 
olutionary   days,  when    British    cruisers 


32  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

were  sweeping  the  meagre  shipping  of  the 
colonies  from  the  sea,  it  was  in  the  same 
harbor  of  Portsmouth,  and  from  New 
Hampshire  timber,  that  the  dashing  little 
"Ranger,"  also  manned  in  great  part  by 
New  Hampshire  men,  which  Paul  Jones  led 
to  victory  in  many  an  ocean  contest,  was 
built  and  fitted  out  by  John  Langdon,  as 
Continental  Naval  Agent  for  New  Hamp- 
shire and  from  whose  mast  head  the  Stars 
and  Stripes  were  first  unfurled  to  the  ocean 
freeze. 

The  Mexican  war,  which  has  been  passed 
over,  and  the  Spanish-American  War,  both 
of  which  were  brought  about  through  the 
spirit  of  conquest  and  exploitation,  rather 
than  pure  patriotism,  and  waged  against 
weaker  instead  of  stronger  nations,  so  far 
as  this  country  was  concerned,  also  com- 
manded the  services  of  New  Hampshire 
men  in  ample  measure.  In  the  former  con- 
flict Gen.  Franklin  Pierce  won  distinction 
under  Gen.  Scott  in  the  march  upon  and 
capture  of  the  Mexican  Capital,  and  it  was 
Captain  Edgar  A.  Kimball,  native  of  Pem- 
broke, who  led  the  9th  Infantry  at  Chapul- 
tapec,  scaled  the  walls  of  the  fortress,  cut 
down  the  Mexican  flag,  and  received  the 
surrender,  displaying  the  same  heroism 
that  he  afterwards  manifested,  when  at 
the  head  of  the  9th  New  York,  he  stormed 


Franklin   Pierce 

Reproduction    i>.\     Kimball    Studio,    Concord,    N,    H. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  33 

the  fort  on  Roanoke  Island,  in  the  Civil 
War.  Other  New  Hampshire  men  render- 
ing gallant  service  in  Mexico  were  Joseph 
H.  Potter,  of  Concord,  afterward  a  briga- 
dier general  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  who  was 
wounded  at  Monterey,  and  Albemarle  Cody 
of  Keene,  breveted  major  for  gallantry  at 
Vera  Crux,  Cerro  Gordo,  Churnbusco  and 
Molino  del  Rey. 

In  the  Spanish  War,  Gen.  Leonard  Wood, 
native  of  Winchester,  who  had  already 
proved  his  courage  and  capacity  in  Indian 
fighting  at  the  West,  came  conspicuously 
to  the  front,  and  it  was  in  his  hands  that 
the  administration  of  affairs  in  Cuba,  dur- 
ing the  period  of  reconstruction  after  the 
war,  was  placed.  In  this  contest,  too,  the 
veteran  Gen.  Joab  N.  Patterson,  native  of 
Hopkinton,  now  the  last  surviving  New 
Hampshire  officer  earning  a  general's  rank 
in  the  Civil  War,  again  entered  the  service 
although  well  past  three  score  years  of 
age,  going  out  as  a  Captain  in  the  First  N. 
H.  Regiment,  serving  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
J.  P.  Sanger,  and  afterward  serving  as 
superintendent  of  public  buildings  in  Ha- 
vana, under  Gen.  Wood. 

In  the  last  great  "World  War,"  fought 
for  the  salvation  of  civilization  by  the  al- 
lied powers  of  Europe  and  America  against 
the  military  despotism  of  Germany  and  its 


34  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

allies,  New  Hampshire  contributed  her 
full  quota.  About  22,000  of  her  young  men 
were  in  the  service,  of  whom  250  were  kill- 
ed in  battle  and  some  400  more  died  of 
wounds  and  disease.  Whether  these  dead, 
with  millions  of  others,  who  made  the  su- 
preme sacrifice,  died  in  vain,  or  not,  still 
remains  to  be  determined.  It  is  well  to 
remember,  in  this  connection,  at  all  events, 
that  the  first  American  force  to  be  engaged 
in  actual  conflict  on  the  European  front,  in 
this  great  struggle,  was  a  contingent  from 
the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  late  Gen.  Charles  H.  Doyen,  a 
son  of  New  Hampshire,  native  of  Concord. 

Having  considered  New  Hampshire's 
service  in  the  nation's  wars,  and  her  con- 
tribution to  the  military  history  of  the 
country,  let  us  revert  to  her  part  in  the  af- 
fairs of  civil  government,  and  public  and 
professional  life. 

While  the  State,  through  the  Governor 
or  President,  the  Legislature  and  Commit- 
tee of  Safety,  co-operated  heartily  with  the 
Continental  Congress  all  through  the  Rev- 
olutionary period,  it  contributed  some  of 
its  ablest  and  best  men  to  the  membership 
of  that  body,  among  them  being  Josiah 
Bartlett,  John  and  Woodbury  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Gilman,  John  Sullivan,  Nathaniel 
Folsom,  George  Frost,  Samuel  Livermore 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  35 

and  Nathaniel  Peabody,  than  whom  none 
more  patriotic  or  efficient  were  furnished 
by  any  state.  The  first  signature  attached 
to  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  follow- 
ing that  of  John  Hancock,  president  of  the 
Continental  Congress,  was  that  of  Josiah 
Bartlett,  delegate  from  New  Hampshire. 
The  first  signatures  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  as  originally  drawn  and 
adopted  in  Convention,  September  17,  1787, 
following  that  of  George  Washington, 
president  and  deputy  from  Virginia,  were 
those  of  John  Langdon  and  Nicholas  Gil- 
man,  deputies  from  New  Hampshire. 

Ratification  by  nine  of  the  thirteen  states 
was  required  to  give  the  Constitution  valid- 
ity, and  it  was  the  action  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire legislature,  done  in  Concord,  June  21, 
1788,  that  put  the  approval  of  the  ninth 
state  upon  the  document  in  question,  and 
gave  it  life  and  power,  just  as  it  was  the 
action  of  the  legislature  of  Tennessee,  in 
the  summer  of  1920,  that  made  the  19th 
amendment  to  the  same  Constitution  a 
part  of  the  fundamental  law,  and  raised 
ten  millions  of  American  women  from  a 
legal  level  with  paupers,  lunatics,  idiots 
and  criminals  to  the  plane  of  full  citizen- 
ship, along  with  the  men  of  the  nation. 

When  the  Constitution  finally  went  into 
operation,  and  a  government  was  establish- 


36  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

ed  under  its  provisions,  a  New  Hampshire 
man,  John  Langdon,  was  chosen  President 
pro  tern  of  the  Senate,  presided  over  that 
body  when  the  votes  for  President  of  the 
United  States  were  counted,  and  officially 
notified  the  President-elect,  George  Wash- 
ington, of  his  election. 

Among  the  many  eminent  men  who  have 
served  New  Hampshire  in  the  Senate  since 
that  time,  were  Samuel  Livermore,  also 
president  pro  tern,  William  Plumer,  Nich- 
olis  Gilman,  Jeremiah  Mason,  Levi  Wood- 
bury, Samuel  Bell,  Isaac  Hill,  Franklin 
Pierce,  Charles  G.  Atherton,  John  P.  Hale 
(the  first  anti-slavery  Senator),  Daniel 
Clark,  president  pro  tern,  Edward  H.  Rol- 
lins, and  William  E.  Chandler. 

In  the  lower  branch  of  Congress  her  rep- 
resentatives have  held  high  rank  and  have 
included  such  men  as  Nicholas  Gilman, 
Abiel  Foster,  Jeremiah  Smith,  Jonathan 
Freeman,  George  B.  Upham,  Thomas  W. 
Thompson,  James  Wilson,  George  Sullivan, 
Daniel  Webster,  Charles  H.  Atherton,  Ar- 
thur Livermore,  Matthew  Harvey,  Ichabod 
Bartlett,  John  Brodhead,  Henry  Hubbard 
(speaker  pro  tern  23rd  Congress),  Jared  W. 
Williams,  Edmund  Burke,  Amos  Tuck, 
George  W.  Morrison,  Harry  Hibbard,  Ma- 
son W.  Tappan,  Gilman  Marston,  James  W. 
Patterson,  Aaron    F.  Stevens,    Hosea   W. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  37 

Parker,  Austin  F.  Pike,  Samuel  N.  Bell  and 
James  F.  Briggs. 

A  small  state,  New  Hampshire  has  given 
to  the  nation  but  a  single  President — 
Franklin  Pierce;  but  that  is  more  than 
most  of  the  states,  large  or  small,  have 
done.  That  President,  although  spoken  of 
as  an  "accident"  and  "unknown,"  by  some 
men  and  newspapers  of  that  day,  and  later 
viciously  traduced  by  his  political  oppon- 
ents, was  a  man  of  whom  no  son  or  daugh- 
ter of  the  Granite  State  ever  had  reason 
to  be  ashamed.  He  had  served  ably  in  both 
branches  of  the  national  Congress,  and  on 
the  battlefield  in  his  country's  service  in 
time  of  war,  and  was  a  distinguished  mem- 
ber of  the  bar,  unsurpassed  as  an  advocate. 
Though  he  did  not  rank  in  military  ser- 
vice with  Washington  or  Jackson,  or  in 
constructive  statesmanship  with  Jefferson 
or  Madison,  he  was,  unquestionably,  the 
most  courteous  gentleman  who  ever  oc- 
cupied the  presidential  chair,  as  well  as  the 
most  finished  orator,  and  was  the  first 
President  to  deliver  his  inaugural  address 
without  manuscript. 

While  only  one  native  of  the  State  has 
been  elected  to  the  presidency,  four  others 
have  been  the  candidates  of  different  par- 
ties for  the  office  at  different  times.  Lewis 
Cass  was  the  Democratic  nominee  in  1848; 


38 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 


John  P.  Hale  was  the  candidate  of  the 
Free  Soil  or  Abolition  party  in  1852  when 
Gen.  Pierce  was  elected;  Horace  Greeley 
was  nominated  by  the  Independent  Repub- 
licans and  endorsed  by  the  Democrats  in 
1872,  and  in  1884  Gen.  Benjamin  F.  Butler 
was  the  nominee  of  the  Greenbackers  and 
People's  party,  with  the  hope  that  the 
Democrats  would  endorse  the  nomination, 
which  they  failed  to  do,  nominating  and 
electing  Grover  Cleveland  of  New  York, 
instead. 

A  goodly  number  of  the  native  sons  of 
New  Hamphire — altogether  more  than  her 
proportionate  share — have  been  called  to 
service  in  the  Cabinet,  under  various  ad- 
ministrations. Gen.  Henry  Dearborn,  na- 
tive of  North  Hampton,  served  as  Secre- 
tary of  War  under  President  Jefferson. 
Levi  Woodbury,  native  of  Francestown, 
was  for  three  years  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
and  three  more  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury under  Jackson,  and  continued  in  the 
latter  office  under  Van  Buren.  Lewis 
Cass,  native  of  Exeter,  was  for  a  time  Sec- 
retary of  War,  during  Jackson's  adminis- 
tration, and,  later  Secretary  of  State  under 
Buchanan.  Daniel  Webster,  native  of 
Salisbury,  was  for  two  years  Secretary  of 
State  under  Harrison  and  Tyler,  and  for 
the  same  length    of  time,    preceding    his 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  39 

death,  under  Fillmore.  Nathan  Clifford, 
native  of  Rumney,  was  Attorney  General 
under  President  Polk,  and  John  A.  Dix, 
born  in  Boscawen,  was  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  under  Buchanan.  He  it  was  who 
gave  utterance  to  the  famous  command — 
"If  any  man  hauls  down  the  American  flag 
shoot  him  on  the  spot." 

Salmon  P.  Chase,  native  of  Cornish,  was 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under  Abraham 
Lincoln,  and  it  was  through  his  genius  and 
ability  that  the  war  for  the  Union  was 
successfully  financed.  He  was  succeeded 
in  that  position  by  William  Pitt  Fessenden, 
born  in  the  town  of  Boscawen.  Marshall 
Jewell,  native  of  Winchester  was  Post- 
master General  in  the  Cabinet  of  President 
Grant,  Zachariah  Chandler,  native  of  Bed- 
ford, Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  Amos 
T.  Akerman,  born  in  Keene,  Attorney  Gen- 
eral. William  E.  Chandler,  native  of  Con- 
cord, served  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy  un- 
der the  administration  of  Chester  A.  Ar- 
thur, who  came  into  office  through  the  as- 
sassination of  Garfield,  and  happily  disap- 
pointed the  country  in  giving  it  one  of  the 
best  administrations  in  its  history.  Our 
last  representative  in  the  Cabinet  is  the 
present  Secretary  of  War,  close  friend  of 
President  Harding,  John  W.  Weeks,  native 


40  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

and  summer  resident  of  the  town  of  Lan- 
caster. 

The  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  State,  known  as  the  most  august 
judicial  tribunal  in  the  world,  has  been 
graced  and  honored  by  one  chief  justice, 
born  in  New  Hampshire,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
and  two  Associate  Justices,  Levi  Woodbury 
and  Nathan  Clifford;  while  the  first  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  was  also  a 
New  Hampshire  man — John  J.  Gilchrist  of 
Charlestown.  Three  at  least  of  the  pres- 
ent U.  S.  Circuit  Court  Justices  are  New 
Hampshire  men  by  birth — Walter  H.  San- 
born, native  of  Epsom,  now  and  for  many 
years  resident  of  Minnesota,  presiding  jus- 
tice of  the  8th  Circuit,  and  George  H. 
Bingham  of  Manchester,  native  of  Little- 
ton, presiding  justice,  and  George  W.  An- 
derson of  Boston,  born  in  Acworth,  Jus- 
tice of  the  1st  Circuit. 

While  New  Hampshire  men  have  not  fig- 
ured conspicuously  in  the  diplomatic  ser- 
vice of  the  government,  the  state  has  not 
been  without  representation  in  that  direc- 
tion. Ninety  years  ago  Edmund  Roberts 
of  Portsmouth  was  commissioned  as  a  spec- 
ial agent  of  the  government  to  negotiate 
treaties  of  trade  and  commerce  with  Mus- 
cat, Siam  and  Japan.      He  completed    his 


Salmon  P.  Chase 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  41 

mission  as  far  as  the  first  two  were  con- 
cerned, but  was  taken  ill  and  died  on  the 
way  to  Japan.  Had  he  lived  he  would 
doubtless  have  succeeded  with  the  latter, 
and  thus  opened  the  island  empire  to  the 
commerce  of  the  world,  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury earlier  than  was  eventually  done. 

Gen.  Henry  Dearborn  was  accredited  U. 
S.  Minister  to  Portugal  in  1822,  and 
Charles  P.  Haddock,  a  Dartmouth  College 
professor,  was  Charge  de  Affaires  to  that 
country  for  some  years,  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury later.  Other  New  Hampshire  men, 
native  or  resident,  who  held  office  in  this 
line,  were  Nathan  Clifford,  Envoy  Extra- 
ordinary and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico,  John  A.  Dix,  Minister  to  France, 
John  P.  Hale,  Minister  to  Spain,  and 
Horatio  G.  Perry,  Secretary  of  Legation, 
and  Charge  de  Affaires  to  the  same  coun- 
try; Christopher  C.  Andrews,  Minister 
Resident  to  Sweden  and  Norway,  George 
G.  Fogg  and  Person  C.  Cheney,  Ministers 
to  Switzerland;  George  H.  Bridgman, 
Minister  to  Bolivia;  John  T.  Abbott  and 
Luther  F.  McKinney,  Ministers  to  Colum- 
bia, and  George  H.  Moses,  Minister  to 
Greece  and  Montenegro.  George  Walker 
of  Peterboro  served  for  a  time  as  Consul 
General  to  Paris,  Benjamin  F.  Whidden  of 


42  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Lancaster  as  Consul  General  to  Hayti,  and 
Christopher  C.  Andrews  was  Consul  Gen- 
eral to  Brazil.  The  first  U.  S.  Consul 
abroad  from  New  Hampshire  was  Tobias 
Lear  of  Portsmouth,  who  had  been  private 
Secretary  to  President  Washington,  who 
was  commissioned  to  Algiers  in  1803. 
Among  those  later  in  the  consular  service 
from  this  State  were  Claudius  B.  Webster, 
Consul  to  Liverpool,  Joseph  C.  A.  Wingate, 
Consul  to  Swatou,  China;  James  A.  Wood 
and  James  R.  Jackson,  Consuls  to  Sher- 
brooke,  P.  Q.;  Frank  H.  Pierce  and  Elias 
H.  Cheney,  consuls  to  Matanzas,  Cuba,  the 
latter,  still  surviving  at  the  age  of  90  years, 
serving  for  some  years  later  at  Curacao. 

It  would  be  an  impossible  task  to  give  in 
detail,  New  Hampshire's  contribution  to 
the  public  life  of  other  States,  and,  through 
them,  to  the  country  at  large.  A  few  il- 
lustrations must  suffice. 

Five  Governors  of  Maine  were  natives  of 
the  Granite  State,  viz:  Jonathan  G.  Hun- 
toon,  born  in  Unity;  Samuel  E.  Smith  of 
Hollis;  Edward  Kent,  Concord;  Samuel 
Wells,  Durham,  and  Harris  M.  Plaisted, 
Jefferson.  All  these  men  were  lawyers, 
and  the  first  four  held  positions  at  one  time 
or  another  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  of  which  tribunal,  John    Appleton, 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  43 

native  of  New  Ipswich,  was  for  many  years 
Chief  Justice,  while  the  latter  also  served 
in  the  National  House  of  Representatives. 
The  first  United  States  Senator  from  Maine 
was  John  Chandler,  a  native  of  the  town 
of  Epping.  Nathan  Clifford,  native  of 
Rumney,  heretofore  mentioned,  served  as 
Attorney  General  of  the  State,  and  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  as  did  Jona- 
than Cilley,  native  of  Nottingham,  Robert 
Goodenow  of  Farmington,  Rufus  R.  Goode- 
now  of  Henniker,  and  John  J.  Perry  of 
Portsmouth.  Mr.  Cilley,  who  had  previ- 
ously served  as  Speaker  of  the  State  House 
of  Representatives,  and  was  a  young  man 
of  great  promise,  was  killed  in  a  duel  with 
Col.  Graves  of  Kentucky,  resulting  from 
words  spoken  in  debate.  Jonas  Cutting, 
native  of  Croydon,  was  for  some  time  an 
associate  Justice  of  the  Maine  Supreme 
Court,  and  Albert  R.  Savage,  who  went 
from  Lancaster,  held  the  same  position  and 
was,  later,  Chief  Justice. 

While  Vermont  has  contributed  to  New 
Hampshire  a  large  percentage  of  her  lead- 
ing lawyers,  during  the  last  seventy-five 
years,  New  Hampshire  has  given  the  Green 
Mountain  State  a  goodly  number  of  men 
who  have  been  prominent  in  public  affairs. 
Among  these  may  be  named  three  Gover- 
nors— Samuel  E.  Pingree,  native  of  Salis- 


44  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

bury;  Levi  R.  Fuller,  native  of  Westmore- 
land, and  Urban  A.  Woodbury,  native  of 
Acworth.  Gov.  Pingree  by  the  way,  who 
was  a  Civil  War  veteran,  serving  as  lieu- 
tenant colonel  in  the  Third  Vermont  In- 
fantry, recently  passed  away  at  the  age  of 
90  years.  He  had  served  53  years  as  town 
clerk  in  Hartford,  his  home  town,  where  he 
had  practiced  law  for  more  than  sixty 
years.  One  United  States  Senator,  Dud- 
ley Chase,  native  of  Cornish,  who  was  af- 
terward Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  two  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress from  Vermont,  John  Noyes  and 
William  Henry,  were  born  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, as  were  three  other  Supreme  Court 
judges — Hoyt  H.  Wheeler,  native  of  Ches- 
terfield, Wheelock  G.  Veazey,  native  of 
Brentwood,  and  John  W.  Rowell,  born  in 
Lebanon,  the  latter  serving  as  Chief  Jus- 
tice. Col.  Veazey,  who  was  also  a  Civil 
War  veteran,  served  many  years,  later,  as 
a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission.  Among  many  other 
New  Hampshire  born  men  prominent  in 
Vermont  affairs,  may  be  named  the  late 
Augustus  P.  Huntoon  of  Bethel,  eminent 
lawyer,  native  of  the  town  of  Groton,  once 
speaker  of  the  State  House  of  Representa- 
tives ;  Fred  A.  Howland,  born  in  Franconia, 
now  president  of  the  National  Life  Insur- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 


45 


ance  Co.,  who  has  served  as  Secretary  of 
State,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education;  Herbert  D.  Ryder, 
native  of  Acworth,  leading  lawyer  in  Bel- 
lows Falls,  former  County  Attorney  and 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education; 
Harry  E.  Parker  of  Bradford,  prominent 
publisher  and  active  in  political  affairs,  na- 
tive of  Lyman,  and  Harry  B.  Amey,  native 
of  Pittsburg,  in  practice  of  law  at  Island 
Pond,  State  Senator  and  prosecuting  at- 
torney. 

Massachusetts,  the  old  Bay  State,  from 
which  many  of  our  early  settlers  came,  has 
been  repaid,  tenfold,  for  all  her  contribu- 
tions to  New  Hampshire.  The  greatest 
names  in  her  history,  since  the  Revolution- 
ary period,  are  those  of  men  of  New  Hamp- 
shire birth— Daniel  Webster  and  Henry 
Wilson,  the  one  a  Senator  and  Secretary  of 
State,  the  other  Senator  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  Another  Sena- 
tor, already  mentioned  as  Secretary  of 
War,  went  down  from  his  native  town  of 
Lancaster;  while  three  governors  of  the 
State,— Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  Deerfield, 
John  Q.  A.  Brackett  of  Bradford  and  Chan- 
ning  H.  Cox  of  Manchester,  the  present  in- 
cumbent, were  all  of  New  Hampshire 
origin.  While  Gen.  Butler  was  Governor 
it  was  remarked  as  a  significant  fact,  that 


46  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

not  only  the  Governor,  but  the  President 
of  the  Senate,  George  E.  Bruce,  and  the 
speaker  of  the  House,  George  A.  Marden, 
were  all  New  Hampshire  natives,  the  latter 
both  sons  of  Mont  Vernon,  and  graduates 
of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  same  class. 
In  the  following  year,  two  other  sons  of 
New  Hampshire,  Albert  E.  Pillsbury,  na- 
tive of  Milford,  and  John  Q.  A.  Brackett, 
previously  mentioned,  also  presided  over 
the  two  branches  of  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  Mr.  Pillsbury  subsequently 
serving  as  Attorney  General  of  the  State. 
Another  New  Hampshire  man,  William  H. 
Haile,  native  of  Chesterfield,  then  resid- 
ing in  Springfield,  where  he  had  been 
Mayor  of  the  city,  was  nominated  as  Re- 
publican candidate  for  Governor  but  was 
defeated.  Another  New  Hampshire  man, 
Harvey  Jewell,  native  of  Winchester,  a 
brother  of  Marshall  Jewell  previously  men- 
tioned, had  been  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  at  an  earlier  date,  and 
Joseph  Bell,  born  in  the  town  of  Bedford, 
was  President  of  the  Senate  in  1849. 

Among  New  Hampshire  born  men  who 
have  represented  Massachusetts  districts 
in  the  National  House  of  Representatives 
may  be  named  Nathan  Appleton,  native  of 
New  Ipwich,  William  S.  Damrell  and 
Henry  B.  Lovering  of  Portsmouth,  William 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  47 

M.  Richardson  of  Pelham;  Tappan  Went- 
worth  of  Dover,  (who  defeated  Henry  Wil- 
son) Lorenzo  Sabin  of  Lisbon,  Goldsmith 
F.  Bailey  of  Westmoreland,  Benjamin  F. 
Butler  of  Deerfield,  Rufus  S.  Frost  of 
Marlboro,  Amasa  Norcross  of  Rindge,  and 
Samuel  L.  Powers  of  Cornish.  William  M. 
Richardson  was  also  for  a  time  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
while  a  number  of  its  Superior  Court 
judges  have  also  hailed  from  the  Granite 
State,  among  them  being  Augustus  L. 
Soule  and  Charles  U.  Bell,  of  Exeter, 
Daniel  Aiken  of  Bedford,  James  B.  Rich- 
ardson of  Hanover,  Caleb  Blodgett  of  Dor- 
chester, and  John  H.  Hardy  of  Hollis,  as 
well  as  the  newly  appointed  Chief  Justice, 
Walter  P.  Hall,  native  of  Manchester. 

While  speaking  of  New  Hampshire's 
contribution  to  the  public  life  of  Massa- 
chusetts, it  may  be  said,  as  well  as  any- 
where, that  a  very  large  proportion  of  the 
men  who  have  been  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful in  the  official,  professional,  and 
business  life  of  the  City  of  Boston,  were 
born  and  reared  among  the  New  Hamp- 
shire hills.  Two  sons  of  New  Hampshire, 
at  least,  have  been  mayors  of  the  city — Dr. 
Thomas  L.  Jenks,  native  of  Conway,  and 
Albert  Palmer,  native  of  Candia,  who  held 
the  office  at  the  same  time  when  Gen.  But- 


48  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

ler  was  Governor,  and  Messrs.  Bruce  and 
Marden  presided  in  the  legislature,  and  it 
may  be  added  that  there  is  scarcely  a  city 
in  the  Bay  State,  but  has  had  one  or  more 
New  Hampshire  born  men  at  the  head  of 
its  municipal  government.  Nathaniel 
Greene,  native  of  Boscawen,  was  post- 
master of  Boston  for  twelve  years.  Daniel 
Webster,  great  as  a  lawyer  no  less  than  as 
a  statesman,  was  for  many  years  in  prac- 
tice in  Boston,  and  had  for  some  time  as  his 
partner  there,  John  P.  Healey,  native  of 
Washington,  who  served  for  many  years 
as  City  Solicitor,  and  was  the  first  man  to 
hold  the  office  of  Corporation  counsel, 
which  position  by  the  way  was  recently 
tendered  by  the  present  mayor  to  another 
son  of  New  Hampshire,  Sherman  L.  Whip- 
ple, native  of  New  London,  who  has  been 
in  the  front  rank  among  Boston  lawyers 
for  many  years,  and  has  been  twice  the  can- 
didate of  the  Democratic  party  for  United 
States  Senator.  Mellen  Chamberlain,  a 
native  of  Pembroke,  and  a  lawyer  of  ability, 
was  for  some  years  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Boston  Municipal  Court,  while  Henry 
S.  Dewey,  born  in  Hanover,  William  J. 
Forsaith,  native  of  Newport,  and  several 
other  New  Hamphire  born  lawyers  have 
been  members  of  the  same  tribunal.  Among 
the  many  names  of  New  Hampshire  men 


I  [0RAC3    ( -:i'  .::i.   v 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  49 

prominent  at  the  Boston  bar,  at  one  time  or 
another,  may  be  mentioned  such  as  Charles 
Levi  Woodbury,  native  of  Portsmouth, 
Augustus  0.  Brewster  of  Hanover,  Ho- 
ratio G.  Parker  of  Keene,  Nathan  Morse 
of  Moultonboro,  Napoleon  B.  Bryant  of 
Andover,  Moody  Merrill  of  Campton,  Rob- 
ert I.  Burbank  of  Shelburne,  Samuel  L. 
Powers  of  Cornish,  Wilbur  H.  Powers  of 
Croydon,  Joseph  H.  Wiggin  of  Exeter; 
Guy  S.  Cox  of  Manchester,  John  Herbert 
of  Wentworth,  George  F.  Bean  of  Brad- 
ford, and  Joseph  W.  Lund  and  James  A. 
Halloren  of  Concord,  other  members  of  the 
profession  aside  from  those  heretofore 
named  as  having  occupied  high  official  po- 
sitions in  the  state. 

The  medical  profession  in  Boston,  no 
less  than  the  legal,  has  drawn  its  strength 
largely  from  New  Hampshire,  as  illustrat- 
ed by  such  names  as  those  of  Dr.  David  W. 
Cheever,  native  of  Portsmouth,  appointed 
visiting  surgeon  for  the  Boston  City  Hos- 
pital when  the  institution  was  established, 
and  continuing  his  valuable  service  in  con- 
nection therewith  for  more  than  half  a 
century,  while  he  was  for  33  years  a  lec- 
turer in  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  and 
at  the  same  time  engaged  in  an  extensive 
and  successful  private  practice ;  and  of  Dr. 
George  W.  Gay,  native    of  Swanzey,    long 


50  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

time  surgeon  for  the  City  Hospital,  in- 
structor in  and  lecturer  upon  Clinical  Sur- 
gery in  Harvard  Medical  School,  and  ex- 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical 
Society,  who  has  recently  retired  after  a 
successful  professional  career  of  nearly 
fifty  years.  Other  New  Hampshire  born 
physicians,  now  in  active  practice  in  the 
city,  include  such  men  as  Dr.  Edward  0. 
Otis,  native  of  Rye,  tuberculosis  specialist, 
and  Professor  of  Pulmonary  Diseases  in 
Tufts  Medical  School;  Dr.  William  R.  P. 
Emerson,  native  of  Candia,  national  au- 
thority on  the  laws  of  nutrition,  and  his 
brother,  Francis  P.  Emerson,  ear,  nose  and 
throat  specialist,  and  surgeon  for  the 
Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary ;  Dr.  Fred  B.  Lund,  native  of  Con- 
cord, widely  known  for  surgical  skill  and 
Dr.  Nathaniel  R.  Mason,  born  in  Conway, 
specialist  in  Obstetrics  and  Gyncology,  and 
instructor  in  Harvard  Medical  School. 

Many  of  the  most  prominent  leaders  in 
mercantile  life,  banking,  real  estate  and 
all  important  lines  of  business  in  Boston 
found  their  way  to  the  city  from  New 
Hampshire,  including  such  men  as  Marsh 
of  Jordan,  Marsh  &  Co.,  Dutton  of  Hough- 
ton &  Dutton,  Stearns,  Bonney  and  other 
dry  goods  merchants ;  John  Carr,  long  time 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank,  who 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  51 

went  down  from  the  town  of  Antrim; 
Charles  F.  Weed,  native  of  Claremont,  vice- 
president  and  chief  executive  officer  of  the 
same  institution  at  the  present  time,  and 
a  recognized  leader  in  the  city's  commer- 
cial affairs;  the  Rollins  brothers  of  E.  H. 
Rollins  and  Sons,  Merrill  of  Merrill,  Oldham 
&  Co.,  and  other  private  bankers;  Henry 
W.  Savage  and  Loren  D.  Towle,  extensive 
real  estate  operators,  the  latter  of  whom 
has  recently  donated  to  his  native  town  of 
Newport  a  munificent  sum  for  the  erection 
of  a  new  high  school  building,  and  scores 
in  these  and  other  lines  who  might  be  nam- 
ed. 

Especially  in  hotel  management  have 
New  Hamphire  men  been  conspicuous  at 
"The  Hub"  as  evidenced  by  such  names  as 
Whipple,  Lindsay,  Barnes,  Duncklee, 
Greenleaf,  Mann,  Johnson,  and  Merrow. 

As  in  Boston,  so  largely  throughout  the 
State  of  Massachusetts,  men  of  New 
Hampshire  birth  have  been  and  are  con- 
picuous  in  every  line  of  action — in  the  con- 
duct of  municipal  affairs,  and  in  profess- 
ional and  business  life.  A  record  of  the 
names  and  activities  of  New  Hamphire 
men  who  have  been  prominent  in  Bay  State 
affairs  for  a  century  past  would  fill  a  dozen 
volumes. 

Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut  have  not 


52  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

drawn  largely  from  New  Hampshire,  so  far 
as  public  service  is  concerned;  but  it  may 
not  be  inappropriate  to  mention  the  fact 
that  the  ablest  man  whom  the  former  state 
ever  had  in  either  branch  of  the  Federal 
Congress — the  late  Thomas  A.  Jenks, 
father  of  the  Civil  Service  Reform  move- 
ment, came  of  New  Hampshire  ancestry, 
his  father  having  been  born  and  reared  in 
the  town  of  Newport,  in  the  old  ancestral 
home  where  the  late  Edward  A.  Jenks  of 
Concord  first  saw  the  light ;  while  Marshall 
Jewell,  Governor  of  Connecticut  and  Post- 
master General  in  the  Cabinet  of  President 
Grant,  was  a  native  of  the  town  of  Win- 
chester. Arthur  B.  Calef,  native  of  San- 
bornton,  was  State  Treasurer  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  Allen  Tenney,  born  in  Lyme,  and 
at  one  time  Secretary  of  State  in  New 
Hampshire,  presided  in  its  State  Senate. 

New  York  is  indebted  to  New  Hamp- 
shire for  John  A.  Dix,  one  of  her  most 
noted  Governors,  and  a  United  States  Sena- 
tor, previously  mentioned  as  a  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  and  a  Minister  to  France; 
for  Noah  Davis,  native  of  Haverhill,  emi- 
nent as  a  lawyer  and  a  Supreme  Court  Jus- 
tice, who  presided,  by  the  way,  over  two  of 
the  most  famous  criminal  trials  ever  held 
in  the  country— that  of  Edward  S.  Stokes 
for  the  murder  of  James  Fisk,  and  of  Wil- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  53 

liam  M.  Tweed,  head  of  the  notorious 
"Tweed  ring,"  for  corruption  in  office. 
Judge  Davis  also  held  a  seat  in  Congress 
from  one  of  the  New  York  districts,  as  did 
John  Dickson,  native  of  Keene,  credited 
with  having  made  the  first  anti-slavery 
speech  in  Congress,  Clark  B.  Cochrane,  na- 
tive of  New  Boston,  Charles  C.  B.  Walker 
of  Walpole,  and  John  0.  Whitehouse  of 
Rochester,  among  others.  George  P.  Bar- 
ker, born  in  the  town  of  Rindge,  one  of  the 
most  noted  lawyers  of  Buffalo,  was  for  a 
time  Attorney  General  of  the  State.  He 
was  a  frequent  opponent  at  the  bar,  of 
Millard  Fillmore,  afterward  Vice  Presi- 
dent and  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  was  said  to  be  more  than  his  match  as 
a  legal  debater.  Asa  W.  Tenney,  native  of 
Dalton,  was  a  U.  S.  District  Attorney  and 
Judge  of  U.  S.  District  Court  in  Brooklyn. 
Rufus  Blodgett,  a  native  of  Dorchester, 
son  of  that  old  Democratic  "wheel-horse," 
who  was  accounted  as  Harry  Bingham's 
right  hand  man  in  Grafton  County  politics, 
Jeremiah  Blodgett,  was  a  United  States 
Senator  from  New  Jersey  for  six  years; 
and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  it  was 
the  spirit  and  energy,  due  to  the  New 
Hampshire  blood  in  his  veins,  that  gave 
Garrett  A.  Hobart  of  that  state  the  promi- 
nence that  made  him  the  successful  candi- 


54  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

date  of  the  Republican  party  for  Vice- 
President,  in  1896.  His  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  Columbia  in  the  County  of  Coos,  in 
this  state,  and  it  may  as  well  be  add- 
ed that  Socrates  Tuttle,  an  eminent 
lawyer,  with  whom  he  studied,  and  whose 
daughter  he  married,  was  a  native  of  the 
same  county,  and  a  brother  of  the  late  Dr. 
Charles  M.  Tuttle  of  Littleton.  Frederick 
Adams,  native  of  Amherst,  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  and  later 
of  the  U.  S.  District  Court  for  New  Jersey. 

While  there  were  quite  a  number  of  New 
Hampshire  people  among  the  pioneers  of 
Ohio  not  so  many  representatives  of  the 
State  became  prominent  in  its  public  af- 
fairs or  business  life  as  in  many  others. 
Its  most  noted  citizen,  however,  Governor, 
Senator,  Secretary  and  Chief  Justice  Sal- 
mon P.  Chase,  heretofore  noted,  was  one 
of  New  Hampshire's  most  distinguished 
sons;  while  Edward  E.  Noyes,  another 
Governor  of  the  Buckeye  State,  although 
born  across  the  line  in  Haverhill,  Mass., 
was  reared  in  New  Hampshire,  learned  the 
printer's  trade  in  Dover,  was  educated  at 
Kingston  Academy  and  Dartmouth  College 
and  studied  law  in  Exeter,  before  locating 
in  Ohio. 

While  there  is  no  state  in  the  great  Cen- 
tral West  and  Northwest  to  whose  develop- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  55 

ment,  along  industrial  and  business  lines, 
New  Hampshire  has  not  contributed  in 
some  measure,  and  in  whose  public,  politi- 
cal and  professional  life  her  sons  have  not 
been  conspicuous,  the  State  of  Michigan  is 
pre-eminently  indebted  to  her  in  this  re- 
gard. The  first  governor,  greatest  states- 
man, and  most  distinguished  citizen  of  the 
"Wolverine  State" — Lewis  Cass — hereto- 
fore mentioned,  went  out  from  New  Hamp- 
shire, as  did  his  scarcely  less  illustrious 
successor  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
Zachariah  Chandler.  Another  governor  of 
the  state  was  John  S.  Barry,  native  of  the 
town  of  Amherst,  the  only  man  three  times 
elected  to  the  office.  The  State  Constitu- 
tion provides  that  no  man  can  hold  more 
than  two  terms  in  succession,  but  so  great 
was  Gov.  Barry's  popularity,  that  after 
holding  two  terms,  and  a  successor  follow- 
ing him,  he  was  again  elected.  Another 
New  Hampshire  man,  Henry  Chamberlin, 
native  of  Pembroke,  was  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  the  office  in  1874,  and  John 
J.  Bagley,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
chief  magistrates  of  the  State,  came  of 
New  Hampshire  stock,  his  father  having 
emigrated  from  Somersworth.  William  A. 
Fletcher,  native  of  Plymouth,  an  able  law- 
yer, became  the  first  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Michigan  Supreme  Court;    while    another 


56 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 


lawyer  of  like  ability,  native  of  the  same 
town,  Alfred  Russell,  was,  later,  for  many 
years  a  leader  of  the  Detroit  bar.  Two 
New  Hampshire  born  men,  at  least,  have 
been  Speakers  of  the  Michigan  House  of 
Representatives — Jefferson  T.  Thurber, 
native  of  Unity,  in  1851  and  Sullivan  M. 
Cutcheon,  born  in  Pembroke,  in  1863-4; 
who  also  served  as  U.  S.  District  Attorney 
and  Comptroler  of  the  Treasury;  while 
William  Graves,  native  of  South  Hampton, 
held  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State.  Two 
lawyers  of  distinction  of  New  Hampshire 
origin,  Oliver  L.  Spaulding,  native  of  Jaf- 
frey  and  Byron  M.  Cutcheon  of  Pembroke, 
were  Michigan  representatives  in  Congress, 
as  was,  also,  Charles  C.  Comstock,  a  lead- 
ing Grand  Rapids  manufacturer,  born  in 
Sullivan. 

Michigan  owes  the  organization  of  her 
splendid  educational  system  to  a  son  of  New 
Hampshire,  John  D.  Pierce,  native  of  Ches- 
terfield, who  formulated  the  plan  of  her 
University — the  first  and  greatest  of  the 
State  Universities  of  the  country — after 
consultation  with  the  most  progressive  ed- 
ucators of  America  and  Europe,  and  car- 
ried it  through  to  adoption,  against  stren- 
uous opposition;  and  right  here  it  may  be 
noted  that  the  last  great  president  of  this 
University  preceding  the    present    incum- 


i<  :v.  Aloxzo  A.   Mixer,   L.L.   D. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  57 

bent,  leading  all  other  institutions  of  the 
kind  in  its  present  student  enrollment,  as 
well  as  the  number  of  living  alumni,  was 
Harry  B.  Hutchins,  a  native  of  the  town 
of  Lisbon,  who  had  previously  served  as  the 
dean  of  its  Law  Department,  after  having 
organized  a  similar  department  for  Cornell 
University  in  New  York.  Mr.  Pierce  was 
the  first  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  in  Michigan,  and  organized 
and  put  in  operation  the  public  school  sys- 
tem of  the  State.  It  may  also  be  said  that 
Michigan  was  the  first  State  in  the  Union 
to  establish  such  an  office,  so  that  Mr. 
Pierce  was,  in  fact,  the  first  State  Super- 
intendent in  the  country.  Another  emi- 
nent educator  who  subsequently  held  the 
same  office  and  was  also  principal  of  the 
famous  Michigan  State  Normal  School  at 
Ypsilanti,  was  Joseph  Estabrook,  a  native 
of  the  town  of  Bath. 

Not  only  in  public  affairs  and  education- 
al work  have  New  Hamphire  men  been  at 
the  front  in  Michigan,  but  in  great  busi- 
ness and  industrial  enterprises  as  well. 
James  F.  Joy,  native  of  Durham,  a  success- 
ful lawyer  in  Detroit,  turned  his  attention 
to  railroading,  built  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  of  which  he  became  president ;  as 
well  as  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
and  other  great  lines  promoting  the  devel- 


58  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

opment  of  the  Central  West;  while  Jesse 
H.  Farwell,  native  of  North  Charlestown, 
and  donor  of  the  Farwell  School  building 
in  that  village,  was  the  pioneer  of  the 
freighting  business  on  the  Great  Lakes, 
conducting  the  bulk  of  the  business  in  that 
line  for  years,  at  the  same  time,  in  com- 
pany with  his  son  carrying  on  immense  op- 
erations in  contract  work,  installing  the 
Buffalo  sewage  system  with  its  difficult 
outlet  into  the  Niagara  River,  construct- 
ing the  main  section  of  the  Croton  Aque- 
duct, for  New  York  City's  water  supply, 
on  which  1500  men  were  employed  over 
three  years,  and  doing  the  earth  and  rock 
work  for  th  U.  S.  government  locks,  at 
Sault  St.  Marie,  Michigan,  the  largest  in 
the  world. 

John  Wentworth,  a  native  of  Sandwich, 
and  a  representative  of  one  of  New  Hamp- 
shire's old  historic  families,  familiarly 
known  as  "Long  John"  from  his  great 
height,  was  a  pioneer  lawyer  in  Chicago, 
and  active  in  promoting  the  progress  and 
development  of  that  now  wonderful  city. 
He  was  one  of  the  early  mayors,  served  a 
number  of  years  in  Congress,  and  was  also 
for  20  years  editor  of  the  Chicago  Demo- 
crat. New  Hampshire  capital,  brains  and 
energy  have  had  much  indeed  to  do  with 
the  upbuilding  and  advancement    of    the 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  59 

great  metropolis  of  the  Central  West,  and 
to-day  two  of  its  greatst  enterprises  are 
conducted  by  New  Hampshire  born  men. 
John  G.  Runnells,  native  of  Effingham  is 
president  of  the  Pullman  Company,  and 
John  G.  Shedd,  born  in  Alstead,  is  the  head 
of  the  Marshall  Field  Company,  doing  the 
largest  dry  goods  business  in  the  world. 
Two  New  Hampshire  natives  have  repre- 
sented Chicago  districts  in  the  National 
Congress  in  recent  years— the  late  George 
E.  Adams,  born  in  Keene,  and  Thomas  Gal- 
lagher, a  son  of  Concord;  while  Robert 
Smith,  native  of  Peterboro,  and  Bradford 
N.  Stevens  of  Boscawen  were  also  once 
members  of  the  Illinois  Congressional  dele- 
gation, and  Jonas  Hutchinson,  native  of 
Miiford,  was  long  a  judge  of  the  Superior 
court. 

Gerry  W.  Hazelton,  native  of  the  town 
of  Chester  was  probably  New  Hampshire's 
most  prominent  son  conspicuous  in  Wiscon- 
sin public  life.  He  was  a  member  and 
president  of  the  State  Senate,  served  two 
terms  in  Congress,  and  was  for  ten  years 
U.  S.  District  Attorney  for  Wisconsin. 
His  brother  George,  later  of  Washington, 
D.  C,  was  also  at  one  time  a  Wisconsin 
Congressman.  Another  eminent  Wiscon- 
sin lawyer,  born  in  New  Hampshire,  is 
James  G.  Flanders,  native  of  New  London 


60  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

who  has  practiced  in  Milwaukee  for  more 
than  fifty  years  with  much  success.  A 
Democrat  in  politics,  he  had  little  oppor- 
tunity for  political  preferment  had  he 
sought  it,  but  he  has  been  prominent  in  the 
councils  of  his  party,  has  served  it  in  na- 
tional conventions  and  otherwise,  and  has 
been  President  of  the  Wisconsin  Bar  As- 
sociation. Another  New  Hamphire  born 
man,  long  resident  in  Wisconsin,  attained 
distinction  and  rendered  great  service  in 
another  direction — Sherburne  S.  Merrill, 
native  of  Alexandria,  who  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railway,  as  a  section  man  in  early  life, 
through  his  intelligence  and  energy  gained 
rapid  promotion,  and  finally  became  presi- 
dent of  the  great  corporation,  which  under 
his  enterprising  management  came  to  con- 
trol more  miles  of  railway  than  any  other 
corporation  in  the  world.  Joseph  V. 
Quarles,  some  time  U.  S.  Senator  from 
Wisconsin,  it  may  be  mentioned,  was  the 
son  of  a  Carroll  County  New  Hampshire 
native. 

Iowa's  greatest  statesman  and  most  emi- 
nent citizen,  James  W.  Grimes,  Governor 
and  United  States  Senator,  went  out  from 
New  Hampshire,  a  native  of  the  town  of 
Deering ;  while  William  G.  Wood,  sometime 
U.  S.  District  Attorney,  and  Judge  of  the 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  61 

Supreme  Court  of  that  State  was  born  in 
Hanover.  Nathaniel  B.  Baker,  long  Ad- 
jutant General,  including  the  Civil  War  pe- 
riod, a  native  of  Concord,  emigrated  to 
Iowa  after  serving  as  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire. 

Probably  more  natives  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, now  living,  have  made  their  homes 
in  Minnesota  than  in  any  other  Western 
State.  A  strong  tide  of  emigration  to  that 
State  set  in,  here,  in  the  early  "fifties"  and 
continued  for  many  years,  great  induce- 
ments in  the  line  of  agriculture,  as  well  as 
manufacturing  opportunities,  being  pre- 
sented, and  the  climate  there  being  regard- 
ed as  particularly  healthful.  The  mass  of 
these  people  engaged  in  farming;  but  other 
lines  of  activity  were  pursued  by  many, 
the  professional  field  by  no  means  being 
neglected.  A  pioneer  in  the  development 
of  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  and  in  the  great 
flour  manufacturing  business,  in  which 
that  city  leads  the  world,  was  John  S.  Pills- 
bury,  a  native  of  the  town  of  Sutton,  who 
became  prominent  in  public  affairs  and 
Governor  of  the  State.  Another  New 
Hampshire  native  who  held  the  same  office, 
was  David  M.  Clough,  native  of  Lyme; 
while  the  present  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  State — Calvin  L. 
Brown — was  born  in    the  little    town    of 


62  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Goshen,  under  the  shadow  of  Sunapee 
Mountain.  Lyndon  A.  Smith,  native  of 
Boscawen,  was  Lieutenant  Governor  and 
for  some  years  Attorney  General  of  the 
state.  Walter  H.  Sanborn,  of  the  U.  S. 
Circuit  Court,  long  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
St.  Paul,  has  already  been  mentioned.  He 
was  for  a  time  associated  with  his  brother, 
Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn,  also  a  native  of  Ep- 
som, an  early  settler  in  the  state,  active  in 
public  affairs,  who  served  with  distinction 
in  the  Union  army  in  the  Civil  War,  and 
was  for  some  years  Adjutant  General  of 
the  state.  Greenleaf  Clark,  native  of  At- 
kinson, served  for  some  time  as  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court.  Adna  D.  and  Anson 
L.  Keyes,  the  first  a  native  of  Acworth  and 
the  second  of  Lempster,  cousins  and  Dart- 
mouth graduates  of  the  class  of  1872,  were 
partners  in  a  successful  law  practice  in  the 
city  of  Faribault,  and  prominent  in  legis- 
lative and  other  public  service,  and  the 
same  may  be  said  of  George  E.  Perley  of 
Moorehead,  also  a  native  of  the  town  of 
Lempster.  In  other  professional  lines,  and 
in  educational  work  New  Hampshire  is 
also  prominently  represented  in  the  state. 
The  first  governor  of  Dakota  Territory, 
before  its  division,  was  Nehemiah  G.  Ord- 
way,  native  of  Warner,  who  before  his  ap- 
pointment had  been  Sergeant-at-Arms  of 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  63 

the  National  House  of  Representatives, 
and  George  P.  Waldron,  born  in  Farming- 
ton,  was  United  States  Attorney.  In 
North  Dakota  for  many  years  past,  Clar- 
ence B.  Little,  a  native  of  Pembroke,  has 
been  an  upstanding  figure  in  public  affairs 
and  banking.  He  is  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Bismark  and  has  been  a 
leader  in  the  State  Senate  as  chairman  of 
the  Judiciary  Commitee  for  a  score  of 
years  or  more. 

The  first  Governor  of  Arkansas,  under 
the  territorial  government,  was  Gen. 
James  Miller  of  New  Hampshire.  Edwin 
0.  Stannard,  a  native  of  Newport,  and  an 
extensive  flour  manufacturer  of  St.  Louis, 
was  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Missouri,  and 
a  representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  while  Nathaniel  Holmes,  born  in 
Peterboro,  was  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  Levi  C.  Marvin,  a  son  of  Al- 
stead  was  a  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. 

Naturally  few  men  from  the  North  ever 
came  to  the  front  in  public  life  in  the 
Southern  States;  but  occasionally  a  son  of 
the  Granite  State  has  secured  recognition 
in  that  direction.  Ira  H.  Evans,  a  native  of 
Piermont,  was  at  one  time  Speaker  of  the 
Texas  House  of  Representatives ;  while  sev- 
eral New  Hampshire  men  have  been  prom- 


64  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

inent  in  Louisiana,  where  Charles  A.  Pea- 
body,  native  of  Sandwich,  was  Chief  Jus- 
tice, and  Henry  M.  Spofford,  born  in  Gil- 
manton,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  Benjamin  F.  Flanders,  native 
of  Bristol,  was  Military  Governor,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  which  latter 
position  was  also  held  by  George  L.  Smith, 
born  in  Hillsboro,  and  Ebenezer  W.  Ripley, 
a  son  of  Hanover.  Edward  H.  Durell,  na- 
tive of  Portsmouth,  was  a  mayor  of  New 
Orleans  and  a  Judge  of  the  U.  S.  District 
Court. 

While  many  New  Hampshire  people 
have  made  their  homes  in  recent  years  in 
the  State  of  Florida,  where  the  census  of 
1850  returned  fifty  New  Hampshire  born 
men  and  women  among  the  permanent 
residents,  and  hundreds  more  pass  the 
winter  months  in  the  state,  not  many  Gran- 
ite State  men  have  come  into  public  promi- 
nence there.  One  of  them,  however, 
George  F.  Drew,  a  native  of  the  town  of 
Alton,  who  was  one  of  the  most  extensive 
lumber  manufacturers  in  the  South,  took 
an  active  part  in  political  affairs,  and  serv- 
ed as  Governor,  1876  to  1880,  with  great  ef- 
ficiency, bringing  the  condition  of  the 
State's  finances  up  to  a  high  standard, 
from  one  bordering  on  bankruptcy.  Ar- 
thur F.  Odlin,  a  native    of  Concord,    who 


William    E.   Chandler 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  65 

had  served  as  Attorney  General  of  Porto 
Rico,  and  a  Judge  in  the  Philippines,  set- 
tled at  Arcadia,  Fla.,  some  years  since  and 
has  attained  high  rank  at  the  bar  of  the 
state,  to  which  James  W.  Henderson  of  Do- 
ver was  admitted  forty  years  ago,  then  a 
resident  of  St.  Augustine,  and  for  a  time 
prosecuting  attorney  of  St.  John's  county, 
and  extensively  engaged  in  real  estate  op- 
erations. 

Nedom  L.  Angier,  native  of  Acworth, 
was  for  a  time  State  Treasurer  of  Geor- 
gia; while  Joseph  C.  Abbott,  born  in  Con- 
cord, was  a  United  States  Senator  from 
North  Carolina,  and  John  C.  French  of 
Gilmanton  served  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives from  the  same  state,  as  did 
Harry  Libbey,  native  of  Wakefield,  from 
Virginia. 

While  many  New  Hampshire  men  have 
made  their  home  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  they 
have  generally  been  more  prominent  in 
business  and  industrial  operations  than  in 
public  and  political  life;  yet  John  Swett, 
native  of  Pittsfield,  was  the  first  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  in  the  State 
of  California  and  laid  the  foundation  for 
its  splendid  educational  system,  and  was 
succeeded  in  office  by  another  son  of  New 
Hampshire,  Ira  G.  Hoitt,  native  of  Lee. 
Frederic  T.  Woodman,  native  of  Concord, 


66  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

was  the  mayor  of  Los  Angeles,  the  largest 
city  in  the  state  in  1917-18.  There  are 
many  colonies  of  New  Hampshire  people  in 
different  sections  of  California,  notably  in 
the  south,  where  they  are  extensively  en- 
gaged in  fruit  culture.  Frank  E.  and  War- 
ren C.  Kimball,  natives  of  Hopkinton,  who 
purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in  San 
Diego  county,  and  laid  out  National  City, 
some  40  years  ago,  also  planted  the  largest 
olive  orchard  in  the  world.  They  also  or- 
ganized the  Southern  California  R.  R. 
Harry  Chandler,  native  of  Lisbon,  is  the 
proprietor  of  the  Los  Angeles  Times,  one 
of  the  greatest  newspapers  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  and  has  extensive  interests  in  other 
directions.  Dartmouth  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  at 
the  last  commencement.  Robert  Judkins, 
native  of  Laconia,  who  went  to  California 
in  the  employ  of  E.  H.  Rollins  &  Sons, 
bankers,  who  had  a  branch  establishment 
in  San  Francisco,  is  now  president  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Long  Beach,  while 
Edward  N.  Pearson,  Jr.,  native  of  Concord, 
who  went  there  in  a  similar  capacity,  is 
now  the  head  of  a  large  private  banking 
concern  in  San  Francisco  and  extensively 
engaged  in  promoting  irrigation  enter- 
prises. 
Many  New  Hampshire  people  have  set- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  67 

tied  in  the  new  State  of  Washington,  whose 
first  territorial  governor  was  Alvin  Flan- 
ders, a  native  of  the  town  of  Bristol,  who 
also  served  as  its  delegate  in  Congress. 
The  city  of  Spokane  has  been  built  up, 
largely  by  New  Hampshire  capital  and  en- 
terprise, the  late  Daniel  C.  Corbin,  a  native 
of  the  town  of  Newport,  having  contribut- 
ed more  to  its  growth  and  prosperity,  and 
the  development  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try than  any  other  man,  through  the  pro- 
jection and  construction  of  numerous  rail- 
way systems  centering  in  that  city,  and 
the  promotion  of  other  great  enterprises. 
George  B.  Lane,  a  native  of  Epping,  was 
for  some  time  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Olym- 
pia. 

Charles  F.  Caswell,  native  of  Strafford, 
was  for  some  years  a  Justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Colorado. 

But  it  is  impracticable  to  particularize 
farther  in  this  direction.  There  is  scarce- 
ly a  state  in  the  Union  where  New  Hamp- 
shire men  have  not  been  leaders  in  public, 
as  well  as  in  professional,  business  and  in- 
dustrial life. 

The  Dominion  of  Canada,  even,  has 
drawn  to  no  little  extent  upon  New  Hamp- 
shire for  men  in  public  affairs  as  well  as 
in  private  enterprise,  notable  examples  in 
the  former  line,  being  John  F.  Sanborn,  na- 


68  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

tive  of  Gilmanton,  member  of  Parliament 
and  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
and  Sir  George  Halsey  Perley,  born  in 
Lebanon,  who  has  not  only  been  a  member 
of  Parliament,  but  served  as  High  Com- 
missioner for  the  Canadian  government  in 
London  during  the  World  War. 

Especially  prominent  have  sons  of  New 
Hampshire  been  in  the  Christian  ministry. 
A  large  octavo  volume,  entitled  "The  Na- 
tive Ministry  of  New  Hampshire"  compiled 
by  the  late  Rev.  Nathan  H.  Carter  of  Con- 
cord, contains  the  record  of  2,500  clergy- 
men, born  in  this  state,  to  which  several 
hundred  more  might  now  be  added,  since 
this  book  was  published  a  dozen  years 
ago.  Of  these  over  200  had  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  A 
most  remarkable  record,  which  probably 
cannot  be  parallelled  anywhere  in  the 
world  is  that  of  the  Foster  family  of  Han- 
over, seven  brothers,  sons  of  Richard  Fos- 
ter, all  having  been  prominent  ministers — 
three  of  them  Doctors  of  Divinity. 

There  have  been  leading  representatives 
of  nearly  all  denominations  among  New 
Hampshire's  native  Ministry,  but  compara- 
tively few  of  whom  can  be  mentioned,  by 
way  of  illustration.  Congregationalism, 
long  time  known  as  the  "Standing  order," 
and  practically  the  state     religion,    until 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORfl  69 

within  a  century  past,  from  the  fact  that 
all  were  taxed  for  its  support,  has  natural- 
ly had  more  adherents  in  the  State  in  the 
past  than  any  other  branch  of  the  church, 
and  its  native  born  clergy  have  been  most 
numerous.  Among  them  may  be  named 
Henry  Wood,  native  of  Loudon,  many 
years  Chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  who  es- 
tablished the  first  Protestant  Mission  in 
Japan  and  preached  the  first  sermon  in 
English  in  that  country;  Samuel  J.  Spauld- 
ing,  born  in  Lyndeboro,  for  33  years  pastor 
of  the  Whitefield  church,  Newburyport, 
Mass. ;  Edward  L.  Clark,  native  of  Nashua, 
for  20  years  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the 
Puritans  in  New  York,  later  of  the  Central 
Church,  Boston;  Samuel  Swain,  native  of 
Concord,  pastor  Central  Church,  Provi- 
dence, R  L;  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  born  in 
Dover,  pastor  of  various  churches,  last  and 
best,  chairman  of  the  Committee  which 
called  the  convention  to  form  the  National 
Council,  and  later  Moderator  of  the  Coun- 
cil; Arthur  Little,  Webster,  pastor  in  Fon 
Du  Lac,  Wis.,  Chicago,  III,  and  Boston, 
Mass. ;  Henry  Little  of  the  same  town,  who 
held  pastorates  in  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana 
and  Kentucky,  and  is  credited  with  having 
organized  more  churches  and  Sunday 
Schools  than  any  other  man;  Charles  H. 
Richards  of  Plainfield,  pastor  First  Church 


70  NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY 

in  Madison,  Wis.,  23  years  and  of  Central 
Church,  Philadelphia,  13  years ;  Ephraim 
Peabody  of  Wilton,  long  preacher  at  King's 
Chapel,  Boston;  David  L.  Furber,  Sand- 
wich for  35  years  pastor  at  Newton  Center, 
Mass.;  Willard  L.  Gage,  of  Loudon,  long 
time  pastor  of  Pearl  St.  Church,  Hartford, 
Conn. ;  and  many  of  more  recent  time  in- 
cluding, among  others,  such  talented  sons 
of  Manchester  as  Dr.  Newton  M.  Hall  of 
the  old  North  Church,  Springfield,  Mass.; 
and  Allen  Eastman  Cross,  at  one  time  As- 
sistant pastor  of  the  Old  South  Church, 
Boston,  and  later  pastor  at  Milford,  Mass. 
The  Episcopalians,  with  whom  the  earli- 
est settlers  of  the  State  were  numbered, 
so  far  as  they  had  any  religious  affiliation, 
but  who  were  overshadowed  by  the  Con- 
gregationalists  under  Massachusetts  as- 
cendency, have  been  ably  represented  in 
the  ministry  by  such  men  as  Samuel  Par- 
ker, native  of  Portsmouth,  ordained  in 
England  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London, 
who  was  the  rector  of  Trinity  church  from 
1774  to  1804,  was  the  only  clergyman  re- 
maining at  his  post  in  Boston  during  the 
Revolution  and  was  for  some  time  Bishop 
of  the  Eastern  District ;  Asa  Eaton,  native 
of  Plaistow,  for  25  years  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Boston,  who  established  the  first 
Sunday  School  in  that  city;     Charles    B. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  71 

Dana,  native  of  Orford,  rector  Christ 
Church,  Alexandria,  Va.  (George  Washing- 
ton's old  church)  for  26  years,  later  at 
Trinity  Church,  Natchez,  Miss.;  and 
Charles  Mason,  native  of  Portsmouth,  for 
15  years  rector  of  Grace  Church,  Boston; 
Philander  Chase,  native  of  Cornish,  emi- 
nent in  the  service  of  the  Episcopal  church 
in  the  Central  West,  both  in  the  establish- 
ment of  churches  and  educational  institu- 
tions. He  was  the  first  Bishop  of  Ohio, 
and  afterward  of  Illinois,  while  Carlton 
Chase,  native  of  Claremont,  was  the  first 
Bishop  of  this  diocese,  serving  for  many 
years.  William  B.  Howe,  also  of  Clare- 
mont, was  the  sixth  Episcopal  Bishop  of 
South  Carolina,  and  Walter  T.  Sumner,  a 
son  of  Manchester,  is  now  the  Bishop  of 
Oregon. 

Among  eminent  representatives  of  the 
Baptist  faith,  New  Hampshire  born,  may 
be  named  Baron  Stow,  native  of  Croydon, 
for  35  years  the  leading  Baptist  preacher 
in  Boston,  where  Adoniram  J.  Gordon,  of 
New  Hampton  birth,  also  served  with  dis- 
tinction for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Fran- 
cis R.  Morse,  native  of  Salisbury,  was  in 
the  same  ministry  in  Albany,  Brooklyn, 
and  New  York  City  for  a  long  period,  his 
last  and  most  important  pastorate  being 
with    Calvary    Church,  New    York    and 


72  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

covering  a  period  of  14  years.  Moses  H. 
Bixby,  native  of  Warren,  after  ten  years 
of  missionary  work  in  Burmah,  was  for  32 
years  pastor  of  the  Cranston  St.,  Baptist 
Church  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

New  Hampshire  has  made  large  contri- 
bution to  Methodism,  both  as  regards  its 
preaching  service  and  its  educational 
work.  One  of  the  most  noted  exponents 
of  that  faith  and  a  pioneer  preacher  of 
great  ability,  was  John  Brodhead  of  New- 
market, who  also  sat  four  years,  from  1829 
to  1833,  in  th  National  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives from  this  State,  as  did  also 
James  Pike  another  Methodist  clergyman, 
who  married  his  daughter,  for  a  similar 
term,  commencing  in  1855.  Mrs.  Pike,  by 
the  way,  lived  to  be  106  years  of  age,  dying 
on  the  15th  day  of  May  last.  Jared  Per- 
kins of  Winchester,  another  able  minister 
of  the  same  faith,  also  served  a  term  in 
Congress.  The  most  eminent  contribution 
to  Methodism  which  the  State  has  fur- 
nished was  undoubtedly  in  the  person  of 
the  distinguished  Bishop,  Osman  C.  Baker, 
native  of  the  town  of  Marlow,  who,  after 
serving  as  Principal  of  Newbury,  Vt., 
Seminary,  as  pastor  in  Rochester  and 
Manchester,  as  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Do- 
ver District,  as  a  professor  in  the  Metho- 
dist Biblical     Institute    in  Concord    and, 


Hosea  W.  Parker 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  73 

later,  as  President  of  that  Institution,  was 
created  a  Bishop  in  1852,  serving  with  dis- 
tinction for  19  years  in  that  capacity,  till 
his  death  in  1871.  In  his  honor  Baker  Uni- 
versity at  Baldwin,  Kansas,  was  named. 
Here  it  may  be  said  that  the  Methodist 
Biblical  Institute  at  Concord,  which  oc- 
cupied the  famous  old  North  Church  edi- 
fice, on  the  site  of  the  present  Walker 
School  in  that  city,  was  removed  to  Boston 
in  1852  and  was  the  basis  upon  which  Bos- 
ton University,  the  greatest  Methodist  ed- 
ucational institution  in  the  country  was  es- 
tablished. 

Among  numerous  other  Methodist 
preachers  of  notable  service,  from  this 
state,  may  be  named  John  A.  M.  Chapman, 
native  of  Greenland,  who  preached  in  Bos- 
ton, New  York  and  Philadelphia;  Laban 
Clark,  born  in  Haverhill,  long  prominent  in 
the  service  in  Connecticut,  and  presiding 
elder  in  several  districts;  Carlos  Gould, 
native  of  Newport,  pioneer  preacher  in 
Western  New  York  and  a  presiding  elder 
in  the  Genessee  Conference;  John  H. 
Twombly,  native  of  Rochester,  who  serv- 
ed in  and  around  Boston,  was  chaplain  of 
the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representa- 
tatives,  and  an  overseer  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege; John  L.  Dearborn,  born  in  Thornton 
who  did  great  missionary  and  educational 


74  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

work  in  Kansas,  for  thirty  years ;  Lorenzo 
R.  Thayer,  native  of  Winchester,  preacher 
in  many  large  parishes  in  the  Boston  dis- 
trict; Calvin  Holman,  native  of  Hopkinton, 
eminent  in  this  State  and  in  Kansas; 
George  J.  Judkins,  native  of  Kingston,  and 
Willis  P.  Odell,  born  in  Lakeport,  well 
known  throughout  New  England. 

Universalism  is  indebted  to  New  Hamp- 
shire for  many  of  its  earliest,  ablest  and 
most  distinguished  preachers.  Here  in 
the  town  of  Richmond,  was  born  Hosea 
Ballou,  one  of  the  first  disciples  of  John 
Murray  and  the  first  strong  champion  of 
the  faith  in  New  England,  preacher  in 
Lowell  and  Boston  from  1807  till  1852;  who 
was  followed  as  pastor  of  the  School  St. 
Church  in  Boston,  by  Alonzo  A.  Miner,  na- 
tive of  Lempster,  long  the  ablest  of  Boston 
preachers,  president  of  Tufts  College  for 
many  years,  overseer  of  Harvard  and 
preacher  of  the  last  "election  sermon"  ever 
given  before  the  Massachusetts  legislature. 
Willard  Spaulding,  born  in  the  same  town 
with  Dr.  Miner,  preached  with  great  ac- 
ceptance for  40  years,  in  different  Massa- 
chusetts parishes.  Sullivan  H.  McColles- 
ter,  native  of  Marlboro,  was  not  only  an 
able  preacher,  but  distinguished  educator 
as  well  as  a  traveler  and  author.  John  G. 
Adams,  born  in  Portsmouth,  held    impor- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  75 

tant  pastorates  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island  and  Ohio,  and  was  the  author  of 
various  doctrinal  works.  He  was  the 
father  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  John  Cole- 
man Adams,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  one  of  the 
ablest  preachers  of  the  present  day,  who 
died  recently.  Henry  I.  Cushman,  native 
of  Orford  was  for  30  years  pastor  of  the 
First  Universalist  Church  of  Providence, 
R.  I.  Enoch  Morrill  Pingree,  native  of 
Littleton,  carried  the  Universalist  gospel 
into  the  West  and  South,  preaching  many 
years  in  Cincinnati,  0.,  and  Louisville,  Ky. 
Charles  H.  Leonard,  born  in  Northwood, 
was  for  23  years  pastor  in  Chelsea,  Mass., 
where  he  instituted  "Children's  Sunday" 
in  the  Church,  since  adopted  in  nearly  all 
churches  throughout  the  country.  He  was 
for  30  years  dean  of  the  Crane  Divinity 
School  at  Tufts  College,  in  which  position 
he  was  succeeded  by  Lee  S.  McCollester, 
native  of  Westmoreland,  who  had  served 
many  years  as  pastor  of  the  Universalist 
Church  at  Detroit,  Mich.,  following  a  pas- 
torate at  Claremont  in  this  State.  Cyrus 
H.  Fay,  native  of  Lebanon,  after  an  eleven 
years  pastorate  in  the  First  Church  at 
Providence,  in  which  he  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Cushman,  was  for  24  years  a  pastor  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Harold  Marshall,  native 
of  Kingston,  an  able  preacher,  is  now  edi- 


76  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

tor  of  the  Universalist  Leader  at  Boston. 
Unitarianism,  which  came  to  the  front, 
shortly  after  Universalism  got  a  foothold 
in  the  country,  each  being  an  organized 
protest  against  the  Calvinistic  doctrines  of 
the  Congregational  and  other  "orthodox" 
churches,  so  called,  has,  like  Universalism, 
a  more  limited  following  in  the  State  than 
other  denominations,  previously  mention- 
ed, and  New  Hampshire  has  not  furnished 
so  many  distinguished  preachers  of  this 
faith  as  it  has  of  the  Universalist,  but  the 
one  man,  whose  name  stands  out  most  con- 
spicuously among  the  leaders  of  the  de- 
nomination— James  Freeman  Clarke — for 
47  years  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Dis- 
ciples in  Boston,  was  born  in  Hanover,  N. 
H.,  while  his  successor  in  that  pastorate, 
Charles  G.  Ames,  though  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, was  reared  in  the  town  of  Canter- 
bury, and  was  to  all  intents  and  purposes, 
a  New  Hampshire  man.  Other  Unitarian 
preachers  of  more  or  less  eminence,  na- 
tives of  the  State,  include  William  B. 
0.  Peabody,  born  in  Exeter,  for  27  years 
pastor  in  Springfield,  Mass.;  Nathaniel 
Thayer,  native  of  Hampton,  pastor  at  Lan- 
caster, Mass.  for  45  years ;  George  W.  Bur- 
nap,  born  in  Merrimack,  long  time  pastor 
of  the  First  Independent  Church  of  Balti- 
more, Md.;  John  Clark,  native  of  Ports- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  77 

mouth,  for  twenty  years  pastor  of  the 
First  Church  in  Boston,  in  which  he  was 
succeeded  by  Edward  Cummings,  the  pre- 
sent distinguished  pastor,  who  is  a  native 
of  Colebrook.  Samuel  C.  Beane,  native 
of  Candia  and  Josiah  L.  Steward  born 
in  Sullivan,  both  attained  distinction  as 
preachers  in  this  state  and  Massachusetts; 
and  William  Safford  Jones,  native  of  Exe- 
ter, has  recently  ended  a  brilliant  pastorate 
in  the  Channing  Memorial  Church,  New- 
port, R.  L,  to  accept  a  call  to  the  Unitarian 
church  in  Portsmouth. 

Presbyterianism,  which  is  not  essential- 
ly different  from  Congregationalism,  so 
far  as  matters  of  faith  are  concerned,  has 
had  small  hold  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
few  churches  of  that  denomination  are 
found  in  the  State;  but  among  its  distin- 
guished representatives  have  been  John 
Chase  Lord,  native  of  the  town  of  Wash- 
ington, nearly  40  years  pastor  of  the  Cen- 
tral church  in  Buffalo,  N  Y.,  and  Thomas 
Marshall,  born  in  Weare,  who  filled  pas- 
torates in  Minnesota,  Missouri  and  Illinois, 
and  was  for  thirteen  years  Secretary  of 
the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 

Benjamin  Randall,  the  founder  of  the 
Free  Will  Baptist  Church  (now  united  with 
the  Baptists),  was  a  native  of  the  town  of 
Newcastle,  later  removing    to    New  Dur- 


78  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

ham,  and  had  a  personal  following  probably 
larger  than  any  other  religious  leader  in 
the  state.  Joseph  Badger,  native  of  Gil- 
manton,  was  the  founder  of  the  denomina- 
tion specifically  known  as  "Christian," 
which  has  a  very  considerable  membership 
in  some  parts  of  the  country,  whose  larg- 
est church  in  the  state  is  at  Franklin,  and 
one  of  whose  ablest  preachers  was  the  late 
Alvah  H.  Morrill,  native  of  Danbury. 

While  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  has 
to-day  more  adherents  in  the  State  than 
has  any  Protestant  denomination,  and 
many  native  sons  of  New  Hampshire  have 
undoubtedly  rendered  efficient  service  in 
its  priesthood,  the  two  whose  names  stand 
out  conspicuously  are  those  of  George  A. 
Guertin,  Bishop  of  Manchester,  native  of 
Nashua  and  Thomas  M.  O'Leary,  native  of 
Dover,  recently  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Springfield. 

The  Medical  profession  in  the  country  at 
large  has  also  had  large  contribution  from 
the  little  State  of  New  Hampshire,  men- 
tion of  a  few  only  of  prominent  representa- 
tives, in  addition  to  those  already  named 
as  Boston  practitioners,  can  be  made  here. 
Aside  from  such  eminent  members  of  the 
Dartmouth  Medical  faculty,  as  Drs.  Dixi 
Crosby  and  Carlton  P.  Frost,  with  others 
scarcely  less  eminent,  such    distinguished 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  79 

practitioners  as  Dr.  Willard  Parker,  native 
of  Hillsboro,  a  leader  of  his  profession  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  Professor  of  Surgery 
in  the  N.  Y.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, in  whose  honor  the  Willard  Parker 
Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases  was 
named,  and  Dr.  Reuben  D.  Mussey,  native 
of  Pelham,  professor  of  Surgery  in  the 
Ohio  Medical  College,  and  lecturer  in  many 
other  colleges,  who  is  credited  with  being 
the  first  to  successfully  tie  both  carotid 
arteries,  should  have  first  mention.  Others 
of  note  include  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Crosby,  na- 
tive of  Sandwich,  in  charge  of  the  Colum- 
bian College  hospital  during  the  Civil  War; 
Dr.  Lyman  Spaulding,  native  of  Cornish, 
president  of  Western  N.  Y.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Dr.  James  F. 
Dana,  born  in  Amherst,  professor  of 
Chemistry  in  New  York  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Dr.  Charles  E. 
Quimby,  native  of  New  Ipswich,  for  30 
years  professor  of  Medical  practice  in  the 
University  of  New  York;  Dr.  Jesse  Smith, 
native  of  Peterboro,  long  professor  of 
Anatomy  in  Cincinnati  Medical  College; 
Dr.  Jabez  B.  Upham,  born  in  Claremont, 
physician  to  Boston  City  Hospital,  also  a 
noted  patron  of  music,  who  secured  for 
Boston  the  great  organ  in  Music  Hall ;  Dr. 
Edwin  B.  Harvey,  born  in  Deerfield,  origi- 


80  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

nator  and  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
Board  of  Registration  in  Medicine  and 
father  of  the  measure  providing  free  text- 
books in  the  schools  of  that  State;  Dr. 
William  B.  Hills,  native  of  Plaistow,  pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  in  Harvard  Medical 
School;  Dr.  Gilman  Kimball,  born  in  Hill, 
eminent  practitioner  in  Lowell  for  many 
years,  and  professor  of  Surgery  in  Berk- 
shire Medical  Institute;  Dr.  Luther  I.  Bell, 
native  of  Chester,  expert  alienist  and  sup- 
erintendent McLean  Hospital,  Somerville, 
Mass.;  Dr.  George  H.  Whipple,  born  in 
Ashland,  professor  of  Medical  Research, 
and  Dr  Henry  G.  Branierd,  native  of  Lon- 
donderry, professor  of  Nervous  and  Men- 
tal Diseases  in  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia; Dr.  Uranus  0.  B.  Wingate,  native  of 
Rochester,  professor  in  the  Wisconsin  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  Sec- 
retary of  the  Wisconsin  Board  of  Health; 
Dr.  William  W.  Watkins,  native  of  Warner, 
prominent  in  practice  in  St.  Louis,  and 
later  founder  and  first  president  of  the 
Idaho  Medical  Society,  and  Dr.  W.  H.  H. 
Pollard,  born  in  Brentwood,  professor  of 
Hygiene  and  Physical  Education,  in  Wash- 
ington-Lee University,  Va. 

In  dentistry,  as  in  medicine,  with  which 
it  is  closely  allied,  New  Hampshire  men 
have  been  active  and  efficient,  all  over  the 


Sherman    L.    Whipple 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  81 

country,  and  in  goodly  numbers.  It  is 
needless  to  designate  individual  examples, 
but  a  conspicuous  illustration  is  furnished 
in  the  fact  that  out  of  a  single  school  dis- 
trict in  the  little  town  of  Lempster,  went 
three  men  who  became  prominent  in  this 
profession.  Ozias  M.  George  was  for 
forty  years  in  successful  practice  at  Bel- 
lows Falls,  Vt,  with  a  wide  reputation  for 
skill  in  his  profession;  Levi  C.  Taylor,  for 
some  years  located  at  Holyoke,  Mass.,  but 
later,  for  many  years,  in  practice  in  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  gained  high  rank.  He  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Hartford  Dental 
Association,  was  also  president  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Dental  Association,  and 
for  some  time  lecturer  on  Oral  Prophy- 
laxis and  Orthodontia  in  the  N.  Y.  College 
of  Dental  and  Oral  Surgery;  while 
Charles  A.  Brackett,  who  has  been  an  in- 
structor and  professor  in  the  Harvard  Den- 
tal School  for  48  years,  the  last  32  years  as 
professor  of  Dental  Pathology,  in  practice 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  since  1873,  has  a  reputa- 
tion in  the  profession  second  to  that  of  no 
man  in  the  country. 

Most  New  Hampshire  born  lawyers  of 
prominence  in  other  states,  have^  already 
been  mentioned  in  connection  with  vari- 
ous important  public  offices  which  they 
have  held,    or  as  members  of    the  bar    in 


82  NEW    HAMPSHIRE    IN    HISTORY 

Boston.  Among  those  who  have  been  in 
successful  practice  in  New  York,  not  here- 
tofore mentioned,  are  Henry  Howland,  na- 
tive of  Walpole;  Nathaniel  Holmes  Clem- 
ent, native  of  Tilton;  Albert  E.  Hadlock, 
native  of  Amherst;  George  W.  Burleigh 
and  Daniel  G.  Rollins,  natives  of  Somers- 
worth;  Philip  Carpenter,  native  of  Bath; 
William  D.  Sawyer,  native  of  Dover; 
Henry  Cole  Quimby,  native  of  Lakeport; 
and  Harry  D.  Nims,  native  of  Keene.  Ben- 
jamin F.  Ayer,  native  of  Kingston,  after 
practice  in  this  state,  had  a  most  success- 
full  career  at  the  Chicago  bar.  Among 
the  most  important  contributions  to  legal 
science  and  learning  has  been  the  service 
in  the  Dane  Law  School  at  Harvard,  of 
Joel  Parker,  former  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  N.  H.,  and  Jeremiah 
Smith,  Associate  Justice,  each  for  an  ex- 
tended term,  and  of  Nathaniel  Holmes,  na- 
tive of  Peterboro,  as  Royal  Professor  of 
Law,  and  of  Christopher  C.  Langdell,  a  na- 
tive of  New  Boston,  long  time  dean  of  the 
School,  for  whom  Landell  Hall,  the  main 
law  building  was  named. 

No  other  state  in  the  Union  has  contrib- 
uted as  extensively  as  has  New  Hampshire 
to  the  educational  life  of  the  nation. 
Dartmouth  College  ranks  with  Harvard, 
Yale  and  Princeton  in  potent  influence  for 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  83 

good,  upon  the  national  character;  while 
the  State  College,  comparatively  young  as 
it  is,  has  been  sending  out  young  men,  for 
years,  who  are  taking  high  rank  in  the 
scientific  world.  It  would  be  impracticable 
to  attempt  to  name  here,  all  the  sons  of 
New  Hampshire  who  have  been  presidents 
of  colleges  and  universities  throughout  the 
country,  or  held  important  positions  in 
their  faculties.  A  few  must  suffice  for 
the  present  purpose.  Joseph  McKeen,  na- 
tive of  Londonderry,  was  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  Bowdoin  College,  in  which  position 
Jesse  Appleton,  born  in  New  Ipswich,  was 
later  conspicuous.  Oren  B.  Cheney,  native 
of  Holderness,  was  the  founder  and  first 
president  of  Bates.  Benjamin  Larabee, 
native  of  Charlestown  was  long  president 
of  Middlebury.  Alonzo  A.  Miner,  native 
of  Lempster,  was  for  some  time  president 
of  Tufts  College,  in  which  Heman  A.  Dear- 
born, native  of  Weare,  was  for  33  years 
professor  of  Latin ;  while  Homer  T.  Fuller, 
also  of  Lempster,  was  long  president  of 
Drury  College,  Mo.,  after  serving  as  pres- 
ident of  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute. 
Jonathan  P.  Cushing,  native  of  Rochester, 
was  for  14  years  president  of  Hampden- 
Sidney  College,  Va.,  while  Hosea  H.  Smith, 
native  of  Deerfield,  was  president  of  Ca- 
tawba College,  N.  C,  later    professor    of 


84  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Modern  Languages  in  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  ultimately  removing  to 
Texas,  where  he  organized  the  public  school 
system  of  the  city  of  Houston,  and  served 
as  president  of  the  Sam  Houston  Normal 
College  at  Huntsville.  Samuel  C.  Derby, 
native  of  Dublin,  was  president  of  Antioch 
College,  Ohio,  and  later  Dean  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Arts,  Philosophy  and  Science  in 
Ohio  State  University.  Samuel  L.  Fel- 
lows, native  of  Sandwich,  was  president  of 
Cornell  College,  la.,  and  Joseph  G.  Hoyt, 
born  in  Dunbarton,  Dean  of  Washington 
University,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Horace  M. 
Hale,  native  of  Hollis,  was  president  of  the 
University  of  Colorado,  and  Edward  P. 
Tenney  native  of  Concord,  served  in  Col- 
orado College  in  similar  capacity.  Arthur 
L.  Perry,  native  of  Lyme,  long  professor 
of  Political  Economy  in  Amherst  College, 
was  the  country's  ablest  writer  on  that  sub- 
ject. Ernest  Albee,  native  of  Langdon, 
has  been  professor  of  Philosophy  in  Cor- 
nell University  since  1907;  Marshall  S. 
Brown,  native  of  Keene  is  professor  of 
History  and  Political  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  York,  and  Charles  A.  F. 
Currier,  born  in  East  Kingston,  holds  a 
similar  position  in  the  Massachusetts  In- 
situte  of  Technology.  Kendrick  Metcalf, 
native  of  Newport  was    for  40  years  pro- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  85 

fessor  of  Latin  in  Hobart  College,  Geneva, 
N.  Y.,  and  for  a  time  acting  president. 
Natt  M.  Emery,  native  of  Pembroke,  has 
been  for  some  years  vice-president  of  Le- 
high University,  and  is  now  acting  presi- 
dent. John  W.  Beede,  born  in  Raymond, 
is  professor  of  Geology  in  the  University 
of  Texas,  and  Amos  N.  Currier,  native  of 
Canaan,  is  Dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts  in  the  University  of  Iowa.  Myron 
W.  Adams,  native  of  Gilsum  and  summer 
resident  of  Swanzey,  is  Dean  of  Atlanta 
University,  and  Clinton  H.  Moore,  born  in 
Piermont,  was  the  founder  and  first  presi- 
dent of  Montana  College.  Winthrop  E. 
Stone,  native  of  Chesterfield,  was  for 
twenty  years  president  of  Purdue  Uni- 
versity, Ind.,  preceeding  his  accidental 
death  in  the  spring  of  1921,  through  fall- 
ing from  a  cliff  in  the  Canadian  Rockies, 
and  it  may  be  stated  in  this  connection, 
that  his  brother,  Herbert  F.  Stone,  is  now 
Dean  of  Law  in  Columbia  University.  Har- 
ry B.  Hutchins,  native  of  Lisbon,  who  or- 
ganized the  Law  Department  of  Cornell 
University,  and  was  subsequently  for  some 
years  Dean  of  the  Michigan  University 
Law  Department,  was,  later,  for  a  dozen 
years  president  of  that  University,  the 
oldest,  largest,  and  most  influential  of  all 
the  State    Universities  in  the    Union,    to 


86  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

whose  chair  of  Economics,  by  the  way,  Ed- 
mund E.  Day,  native  of  Manchester,  has 
recently  been  called  from  a  similar  posi- 
tion at  Harvard. 

But  it  is  not  alone  as  presidents  and  fac- 
ulty members  in  the  Colleges  and  Univer- 
sities of  the  country,  that  New  Hampshire 
natives  have  done  great  work  for  the  cause 
of  education.  More  largely  has  their  work 
been  done  as  superintendents  and  teachers 
of  the  public  schools,  thousands  of  them 
having  served  efficiently  in  the  latter 
capacity,  all  over  the  land  from  the  Atlan- 
tic to  the  Pacific  coast;  while  New  Hamp- 
shire born  superintendents  have  made  a 
record  of  success  surpassed  by  those  from 
no  other  state.  The  great  work  of  Super- 
intendent John  Swett  of  Pittsfield,  in  or- 
ganizing the  public  school  system  of  Cali- 
fornia, as  its  first  State  Superintendent, 
has  been  referred  to  in  speaking  of  New 
Hampshire  men  in  that  state.  Another 
man,  no  less  distinguished  in  the  same  line, 
was  John  D.  Philbrick,  native  of  Deerfield, 
for  some  years  State  Superintendent  in 
Connecticut,  and  later  superintendent  of 
the  Boston  public  schools.  Samuel  T.  Dut- 
ton,  native  of  Hillsboro,  who  has  since  serv- 
ed for  years  as  Professor  of  School  Ad- 
ministration in  the  Teachers'  College  of 
Columbia  University,  gained  his  reputation 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  87 

as  a  successful  educator  as  superintendent 
of  schools  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and 
Brookline,  Mass.,  while  Frank  E.  Spauld- 
ing,  native  of  Dublin,  now  head  of  the 
Yale  University  School  of  Pedagogy,  had 
previously  made  a  brilliant  record  as  sup- 
erintendent of  schools  in  Newton,  Mass., 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
John  B.  Peaslee,  native  of  Plaistow,  was 
for  sometime  superintendent  of  the  public 
schools  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  it  was 
while  acting  in  that  capacity  he  inaugurat- 
ed the  annual  tree  planting  observance 
which  has  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
"Arbor  Day"  throughout  the  country.  It 
was  noted,  some  years  since,  that  out  of 
the  nine  State  Normal  Schools  then  exist- 
ing in  Massachusetts  no  less  than  seven 
had  New  Hampshire  men  at  the  head,  as 
principals,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there 
is  no  city  or  considerable  town  in  that  state, 
that  has  not  had  a  New  Hampshire  native 
as  its  superintendent  of  schools,  at  some 
time  or  other.  In  addition  to  those  already 
mentioned  as  serving  in  that  capacity,  the 
names  of  Homer  P.  Lewis,  native  of  Clare- 
mont,  who  had  previously  served  many 
years  as  principal  of  the  Omaha,  Neb.,  high 
school,  who  was  for  fifteen  years  superin- 
tendent of  the  schools  of  Worcester,  and 
of  Joseph  G.  Edgerly,  native  of  Barnstead, 


88  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

who  held  the  record  of  forty  years  service 
in  a  similar  capacity  in  Fitchburg,  should 
not  be  omitted. 

Samuel  R.  Hall,  native  of  Croydon,  who 
was  subsequently  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  American  Institute  of  Instruction,  has 
the  credit  of  having  established  the  first 
teacher's  training  school  in  the  United 
States,  located  in  the  little  town  of  Con- 
cord, Vt.,  and  also  having  been  the  first 
person  to  use  the  blackboard  in  the  school 
room.  Frank  Arthur  Metcalf,  native  of 
Acworth,  has  been  for  many  years  the 
head  of  the  Home  Correspondence  School, 
of  Springfield,  Mass.,  with  an  enrollment 
of  students,  throughout  the  world,  exceed- 
ing that  of  Harvard  University.  In  this 
connection  it  may  be  well  to  remark,  final- 
ly, that  when  the  United  State  Bureau  of 
Education  was  established,  and  President 
Grant  looked  about  for  the  proper  man  to 
place  at  its  head  as  Commissioner,  after 
careful  survey  he  selected  Gen.  John 
Eaton,  native  of  Sutton,  already  distin- 
guished as  an  educator  as  well  as  soldier, 
to  fill  that  important  position,  which  he 
did,  most  acceptably  for  years. 

In  its  contribution  to  journalism,  as  well 
as  education,  New  Hampshire  may  well 
claim  first  rank.  The  premier  in  the  edi- 
torial field,  after  Benjamin  Franklin  him- 


George  W.   Gay,   M.   D. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  89 

self,  was  Horace  Greeley,  native  of  Am- 
herst, who  made  the  New  York  Tribune  for 
years  the  greatest  political  power  in 
America.  Hardly  less  able  and  influential 
was  Charles  A.  Dana,  of  the  Sun,  native  of 
the  town  of  Hinsdale.  Jonas  M.  Bundy, 
native  of  Columbia,  was  for  many  years 
the  able  editor  of  the  New  York  Evening 
Mail.  Horace  White,  born  in  Colebrook, 
after  long  service  on  the  Chicago  Tribune, 
became  more  eminent  as  editor  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post,  and  The  Nation. 
Charles  G.  Greene,  native  of  Boscawen, 
founded  and  long  edited  the  Boston  Post, 
which  under  his  direction,  was  for  years 
the  ablest  organ  of  Democratic  opinion  in 
New  England.  In  more  recent  years 
Charles  R.  Miller  native  of  Hanover, 
had  a  notable  editorial  career  in  New  York 
City,  where  he  long  had  been  editor  of  the 
Times.  All  over  the  country,  indeed,  New 
Hampshire  men  have  been  engaged  in  the 
newspaper  field,  but  it  is  impracticable  to 
particularize  to  any  great  extent.  Nathan- 
iel H.  Carter,  native  of  Concord,  was  for 
many  years  editor  of  the  Albany  Register 
and  the  New  York  Statesman.  Charles 
L.  McArthur,  born  in  Claremont,  establish- 
ed the  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Sentinel,  and  was 
afterward,  for  many  years,  editor  of  the 
Troy,  N.  Y.     Budget,  and    Daily    Whig. 


90  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

John  S.  C.  Knowlton,  born  in  Hopkinton, 
was  for  40  years  editor  of  the  Worcester, 
Mass.,  Palladium,  while  John  H.  Fahey,  na- 
tive of  Manchester,  who  has  recently  pur- 
chased the  Mirror  of  that  city,  has  been  for 
some  years  owner  and  publisher  of  the 
Worcester  Post.  George  A.  Marden,  na- 
tive of  Mount  Vernon,  was  long  editor  of 
the  Lowell,  Mass.,  Courier.  William  B. 
Miller,  native  of  Salisbury,  has  been  man- 
aging editor  of  both  the  New  York  World 
and  American ;  while  Harry  Chandler,  born 
in  Lisbon,  is  now  the  publisher  of  the  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  Times,  the  greatest  news- 
paper on  the  Pacific  coast. 

In  the  various  other  fields  of  effort  and 
achievement,  in  which  New  Hampshire 
men  have  been  conspicuous,  a  few  notable 
examples,  only,  can  be  mentioned  here  by 
way  of  illustration.  Among  author^  and 
writers  of  note  may  be  named  Benjamin  B. 
Kimball,  native  of  Lebanon;  Joseph  E. 
Worcester,  the  famous  lexicgrapher,  native 
of  Bedford;  Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich  and 
Benjamin  P.  Shallaber,  (Mrs.  Partington) 
of  Portsmouth;  Orison  S.  Marden,  native 
of  Thornton,  founder  and  editor  of  "Suc- 
cess" and  author  of  many  books ;  Justin  H. 
Smith,  native  of  Boscawen,  voluminous 
historical  writer;  Charles  Carleton  Coffin, 
also  Boscawen  born,  noted  author  and  war 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  91 

correspondent;  Thomas  W.  Knox,  native 
of  Pembroke,  noted  traveler  and  writer  of 
boys'  books;  Samuel  Walter  Foss,  the 
poetical  peer  of  James  Whitcomb  Riley, 
native  of  Candia,  and  Ralph  A.  Cram,  na- 
tive of  Hampton  Falls,  well  known  as  a 
writer  of  books,  but  more  noted  as  an  archi- 
tect, whose  most  conspicuous  work  in  the 
latter  line  was  the  great  cathedral  of  St. 
John  the  Divine,  in  New  York.  In  this 
connection  may  be  named  such  New  Hamp- 
shire born  publishers  as  William  D.  Tick- 
nor,  native  of  Lebanon,  and  James  T. 
Fields,  of  Portsmouth,  of  the  noted  firm 
of  Ticknor  and  Fields,  and  Daniel  Loth- 
rop,  born  in  Rochester,  of  D.  Lothrop  & 
Co.  In  library  work  no  state  has  had 
more  prominent  or  efficient  representa- 
tives, as  shown  by  the  accomplishments  of 
such  men  as  Ainsworth  R.  Spofford,  native 
of  Gilmanton,  long  in  charge  of  the  Library 
of  Congress  at  Washington,  in  the  struc- 
ture of  whose  splendid  building,  by  the 
way,  Concord  granite  is  the  main  material, 
and  the  assistant  librarian  of  the  same  in- 
stitution, Appleton  P.  C.  Griffin,  native  of 
Wilton;  George  H.  Moore,  native  of  Con- 
cord, superintendent  of  the  Lenox  Library, 
New  York  City,  and  Frank  Pierce  Hill, 
also  of  Concord,  librarian  of  the  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  public  library,  some  time  president 


92  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

of  the  American  Library  Association,  and 
Chairman  of  its  War  Finance  committee 
during  the  World  War. 

In  science  and  invention  New  Hampshire 
men  have  been  among  the  leaders.  In  as- 
tronomy, Charles  A.  Young,  native  of  Han- 
over, professor  at  Dartmouth  and  Prince- 
ton, discoverer  of  the  spectrum  of  the  cor- 
ona, author  of  "The  Sun"  in  the  Interna- 
tional Scientific  Series,  and  of  a  text  book 
of  General  Astronomy;  John  R.  Eastman, 
born  in  Andover,  for  36  years  astronomer 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Observatory  at  Wash- 
ington, and  first  president  of  the  Washing- 
ton Academy  of  Science,  and  Solon  I.  Bail- 
ey, native  of  Lisbon,  long  connected  with 
the  Harvard  observatory  at  Cambridge, 
and  in  charge  of  the  Harvard  astronomical 
station  at  Arequipa,  Peru. 

Moses  G.  Farmer,  native  of  Boscawen, 
was  the  pioneer  in  the  development  of  elec- 
trical science,  and  laid  the  foundation  for 
electrical  engineering.  He  lighted  his  own 
house  with  incandescant  lamps,  more  than 
sixty  years  ago.  He  it  was  who  devised 
the  fire  alarm  telegraph  system,  and  in- 
stalled in  Boston  the  first  in  the  country. 
He  was  long  professor  of  Electrical  Science 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Station  in  Newport,  R. 
I.  George  B.  Prescott,  native  of  Kingston, 
who  was  associated  with  Edison,  invented 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  93 

the  pneumatic  tube.  Thaddeus  S.  C. 
Lowe,  born  in  Jefferson,  was  a  pioneer  in 
aeronautics,  and  along  various  other  lines 
of  discovery  and  invention.  He  was  the 
first  to  produce  artificial  ice,  and  invented 
the  water  gas  machine  which  revolutioniz- 
ed the  gas  industry  in  the  country.  Isaac 
Adams,  native  of  Sandwich,  inventor  of  the 
power  press,  and  Robert  P.  Parrott,  born 
in  Lee,  who  produced  the  first  rifled  can- 
non, originated  powerful  agencies,  the  one 
for  peace  and  the  other  in  war,  while  Wal- 
ter A.  Wood,  native  of  Mason,  the  mowing 
machine  inventor,  made  notable  contribu- 
tion to  agricultural  industry.  Sylvester 
Marsh,  native  of  Campton,  invented  the 
dried  meat  process,  as  well  as  the  cog 
wheel  inclined  railway  system,  and  built 
the  railroad  onto  Mt.  Washington.  George 
D.  Burton,  native  of  Temple,  inventor  of 
the  Burton  Stock  Car,  has  been  granted 
more  patents  for  different  inventions  than 
any  other  man — over  500  in  number,  while 
Nehemiah  S.  Bean,  native  of  Gilmanton, 
built  the  first  steam  fire  engine  ever  pro- 
duced. 

In  Art  as  well  as  Science,  New  Hamp- 
shire men  have  won  notable  distinction. 
As  sculptors,  Larkin  D.  Mead,  native  of 
Chesterfield  and  Daniel  Chester  French, 
born    in  Exeter,  have  place    in  the  front 


94  .  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

rank,  while  Benjamin  Champney,  native  of 
New  Ipswich,  has  not  been  surpassed  as  a 
landscape  painter.  Other  painters  of  note 
born  in  the  State,  include  John  S.  R.  Til- 
ton  and  Frank  French,  natives  of  Loudon, 
Roswell  H.  Shurtleff  of  Rindge,  Alfred  C. 
Howland  of  Walpole,  Adna  and  Ulysses  D. 
Tenney  of  Hanover,  and  Daniel  C.  Strain 
of  Littleton,  the  latter  three  eminent  in 
portraiture,  whose  work  largely  adorns 
the  interior  walls  of  the  State  House  in 
Concord. 

In  banking  and  finance  the  sons  of  New 
Hampshire  have  held  and  still  hold,  no  in- 
ferior position.  Her  representatives  in 
this  line,  in  Boston,  have  been  referred  to 
in  speaking  of  the  state's  contribution  to 
that  city.  They  have  been  no  less  con- 
spicuous in  New  York,  where  Ruel  W. 
Poor,  native  of  New  London,  has  long  been 
president  of  the  Garfield  National  Bank, 
while  Harvy  D.  Gibson,  born  in  Conway, 
was  for  sometime  president  of  the  Liberty 
National  Bank,  and  during  the  World  War 
administered  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
American  Red  Cross.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that  the  first  charter  granted  under  the 
national  banking  act  was  that  of  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Davenport,  la.,  of  which 
Austin  Corbin,  native  of  Newport,  was 
president.    Mr.  Corbin,  by  the  way,  later 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  95 

removed  to  New  York    City,  where  he  es- 
tablished the  Corbin  Banking  Co.    He  also 
engaged  extensively    in  railroading.      He 
built  the  Manhattan  Beach    and  the    Long 
Island  railroads,  and  had  other  great  en- 
terprises in  hand  when  he  met  an  acciden- 
tal death,  at  his  old  home  in  Newport,  near 
which  he  had  established  the  Blue  Moun- 
tain   Park,  the  largest    private    park  in 
America.    Referring  to  railroading,  it  is 
proper  to  say  that  in  this  line  New  Hamp- 
shire men  have  been    prominent.      James 
F.  Joy  and  Sherburne  S.  Merrill,  conspicu- 
ous examples,  were  mentioned  in    connec- 
tion with  New  Hamphire  men  in  Michi- 
gan and  Wisconsin,  and  Daniel  C.  Corbin, 
brother  of  Austin,  when  speaking  of  the 
State  of  Washington.      Another    example 
is  furnished  in  Andrew  Pierce    of  Dover, 
who  built  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
still  another  in  Charles  P.  Clark,  born  in 
Nashua,  long  president  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  and  Hartford  road,  who  was 
succeeded    by  Charles    S.    Mellen,    who, 
though  not  born  in  New  Hampshire,  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Concord,  and  there 
commenced  his  railroad  career,  which  in- 
cluded, for  a  time,  the    presidency    of  the 
great  Northern  Pacific;  and  who  since  his 
retirement  from  active  life,  has  establish- 


96  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

ed  his  permanent  residence  in  the  Capital 
City. 

In  the  musical  world  New  Hampshire 
has  not  been  without  substantial  represen- 
tation. The  famous  Hutchinson  Family, 
singers  of  national  repute,  with  John  W. 
Hutchinson  of  Milford  at  their  head,  and 
Walter  Kittredge  of  Merrimack,  author  of 
"Tenting  on  the  Old  Camp  Ground,"  a  fa- 
mous singer  of  Civil  War  days  were  most 
popular  in  their  day.  Henry  C.  Barnabee 
of  Portsmouth,  gained  fame  in  comic 
opera.  John  W.  Conant,  native  of  Nashua, 
was  director  of  music  in  the  National 
Cathedral  School  at  Washington.  Samuel 
W.  Cole,  born  in  Meriden,  long  a  teacher 
in  New  England  Conservatory,  and  super- 
visor of  music  in  the  schools  in  and  around 
Boston,  gained  wide  reputation  as  an  in- 
structor and  director.  Harry  Brooks  Day, 
native  of  Newmarket,  was  for  20  years 
organist  at  St.  PauPs  Cathedral,  New 
York,  and  was  a  composer  of  note.  Bur- 
ton T.  Scales,  native  of  Dover,  was  many 
years  director  of  music  in  the  William 
Penn  Charter  School  for  Boys,  Philadel- 
phia, and  later  at  Girard  College,  in  the 
same  city.  George  W.  Keenan,  born  in 
Penacook,  is  professor  of  the  violin  in  the 
Kansas  State  Teachers'    College.      Henri 


Charles  A.  Brackett,  D.  M.  D. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY  97 

G.  Blaisdell,  native  of  Canaan,  won  a  wide 
reputation  as  a  violinst,  and  conductor, 
and  has  a  notable  successor  in  the  latter 
line  in  Nelson  P.  Coffin,  native  of  Newport. 
In  this  connection,  as  well  as  anywhere,  it 
may  properly  be  remarked,  that  Jonas 
Chickering,  the  noted  piano  manufacturer, 
was  a  native  of  the  town  of  New  Ipswich. 

The  threatrical,  as  well  as  the  musical 
world  has  received  no  inconsiderable  con- 
tribution from  New  Hampshire  talent,  as 
evidenced  by  he  career  of  Denman  Thomp- 
son, native  of  Swanzey,  creator  and  pro- 
ducer of  "The  Old  Homestead,"  and  Will 
M.  Cressy,  native  of  Bradford,  playwright 
and  actor,  now  and  for  many  years,  among 
the  most  popular  comedians  in  the  country, 
and  throughout  the  world.  Charles  H. 
Hoyt,  native  of  Charlestown,  playwright 
and  manager,  long  had  a  national  reputa- 
tion, and  Lawrence  Grattan  (Gahagan), 
born  in  Penacook,  is  in  the  midst  of  a  suc- 
cessful career  as  playwright  and  actor. 

Henry  Wells,  Benjamin  P.  Cheney  and 
Nathaniel  White,  all  New  Hampshire  na- 
tives, were  pioneers  in  the  express  business 
in  which  Charles  W.  Robie,  native  of  New 
Hampton,  is  now  prominent  as  the  New 
England  manager  of  the  American  Rail- 
way Express. 

Carroll  D.  Wright,  native  of  Dunbarton, 


98  NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY 

lawyer,  soldier  and  educator  (president  of 
Clark  College  at  the  time  of  his  death)  be- 
came famous  as  the  world's  greatest  statis- 
tician. Marshall  P.  Wilder,  native  of 
Rindge,  founded  the  N.  E.  Horticultural 
Society  and  the  American  Pomological 
Society.  William  Ladd,  native  of  Exeter, 
founded  the  American  Peace  Society. 
Fred  Roy  Martin,  born  in  Stratford  is  the 
General  Manager  of  the  Associated  Press. 
It  is  needless,  further,  to  mention  names 
to  establish  New  Hampshire's  primacy  in 
the  sphere  of  national  accomplishment, 
which  is  strikingly  illustrated  in  the  great 
painting  of  "Lincoln  at  Gettysburg,"  which 
hangs  in  the  hall  of  the  Maiden,  Mass.,  pub- 
lic library.  Here  the  great  Civil  War 
President  is  shown  in  the  delivery  of  that 
brief  but  immortal  address,  which  he  had 
hastily  scribbled  upon  a  scrap  of  paper  on 
his  way  to  the  scene  of  the  historic  oc- 
casion, and  which  is  now  a  classic  where- 
ever  the  English  language  is  spoken ;  while 
no  one  recalls  a  word  of  the  address  of  the 
orator  of  the  day — Edward  Everett  of 
Massachusetts;  while  around  him  on  the 
platform  are  grouped  twenty  of  the  na- 
tion's most  illustrious  leaders  in  civil  and 
military  life,  five  of  whom,  or  one  fourth 
of  the  entire  number,  had  their  birth  in 
the  little  state  of  New  Hampshire,    which 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  99 

is  represented  to-day  in  the  country  at 
large,  outside  her  own  limits,  by  as  many 
sons  and  daughters  as  remain  therein,  of 
whom  over  69,000  have  their  homes  in 
Massachusetts,  and  the  balance  are  scat- 
tered all  over  the  land  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific,  more  than  5,000  residing  in 
California  alone. 

And  now  a  few  words  in  special  refer- 
ence to  "New  Hampshire's  Daughters," 
which  name,  by  the  way,  has  been  taken  by 
the  organization  of  loyal  women,  which 
alone  honors  and  maintains  the  traditions 
of  the  Granite  State  in  the  New  England 
metropolis.  Time  was  when  the  Sons  of 
New  Hampshire,  twelve  hundred  strong, 
gathered  in  Boston,  with  Daniel  Webster 
at  their  head,  to  do  honor  to  their  native 
state.  That  was  in  in  1849,  and  for  some 
years  later  an  organization  was  maintain- 
ed ;  but  for  sometime  past  the  "Daughters," 
alone,  have  "held  the  fort."  May  they  long 
continue  this  manifestation  of  their  loyalty 
and  devotion. 

While  it  has  been  impossible  in  the  past 
for  woman  to  compete  with  man  in  the 
public  service,  and  it  has  been  only  in  re- 
cent years  that  the  professions  have  been 
open  to  her,  the  women  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, at  home  and  abroad,  have  not  failed 
to  leave  their  impress  for  good  upon  the 


100  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

national  life  and  character.  The  "Yankee 
School  ma-am"  has  been  recognized  for  gen- 
erations as  a  dominating  force  in  the 
American  educational  world,  and  New 
Hamphire's  contribution  to  this  great 
force  has  been  surpassed  by  that  of  no 
other  State.  In  the  "little  red"  school- 
house,  all  over  the  East,  and  in  the  log 
schoolhouses  of  the  West  in  pioneer  days, 
the  daughters  of  the  Granite  State  have 
directed  the  minds  of  children  and  youth  in 
learning's  ways,  and  laid  the  foundation 
for  many  a  brilliant  and  successful  career. 
Nor  has  their  work  been  confined  to  ele- 
mentary instruction.  They  have  been 
prominent  in  the  domain  of  higher  educa- 
tion. Helen  Peabody,  native  of  Newport, 
was  for  forty  years  president  of  the  first 
distinctive  woman's  college  in  the  country — 
Western  College  of  Oxford.  When  Welles- 
ley,  the  first  woman's  college  in  New  Eng- 
land, was  founded  by  Henry  F.  Durant  (na- 
tive of  Lebanon,  N.  H.)  and  Miss  Peabody 
was  invited  to  become  its  president  but 
felt  obliged  to  decline  the  call,  another  New 
Hampshire  woman,  Ada  C.  Howard,  born 
in  Temple,  was  finally  called  to  the  position 
and  long  and  nobly  performed  its  duties. 
Both  Miss  Peabody  and  Miss  Howard  were 
graduates  of  the  famous  Mount  Holyoke 
Seminary,  which  later  itself  became  a  col- 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY 


101 


lege,  where  many  another  New  Hampshire 
woman  was  educated,  and  of  which  Julia 
E.  Ward,  native  of  Plymouth,  was  princi- 
pal for  many  years,  after  the  death  of 
Mary  Lyon,  the  famous  founder.  To-day 
Mary  Mills  Patrick,  native  of  Canterbury, 
is  president  of  the  American  College  for 
Girls  at  Constantinople,  Turkey,  in  which 
position  she  has  done  a  great  work  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  Lydia  Fowler 
Wadleigh,  born  in  the  town  of  Sutton,  serv- 
ed conspicuously  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
where  she  was  for  many  years  principal  of 
the  girl's  high  school,  and  founded  the  New 
York  Normal  College  for  Girls.  The  first 
woman  superintendent  of  city  schools  in 
the  country  was  Mrs.  Luella  M.  Wilson, 
(born  Little)  native  of  the  town  of  Lyman, 
for  some  time  a  teacher  in  Littleton,  later 
removing  to  Iowa,  where,  in  1884,  she  be- 
came superintendent  of  schools  in  Des 
Moines,  the  capital  city  of  the  state,  serv- 
ing for  some  years  and  later  conducting  a 
private  school  for  girls  in  Chicago. 

But  the  daughters  of  New  Hampshire 
have  wrought  ably  and  well  along  other 
lines  than  education.  In  literature  they 
have  been,  indeed,  conspicuous.  Mrs. 
Sarah  J.  Hale,  born  in  Buell,  in  the  town  of 
Newport,  was  a  well  known  writer  of  both 
prose  and  poetry,  but  was  best  known  as 


102  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

the  editor  of  "Godey's  Lady's  Book,"  the 
first  woman's  magazine  in  the  country, 
which  position  she  held  for  nearly  forty 
years.  It  was  through  her  efforts  that 
Thanksgiving  Day  became  a  national  holi- 
day, her  persistent  appeals  moving  Presi- 
dent Grant  to  issue  the  first  proclamation 
to  that  effect.  Other  writers  of  note,  and 
world-wide  fame,  among  New  Hampshire 
born  women,  are  Edna  Dean  Proctor,  our 
female  poet  laureate,  born  in  Henniker  93 
years  ago,  still  living  and  as  ardent  a  lover 
as  ever  of  the  mountains,  lakes  and  rivers 
of  her  native  state  whose  beauties  she  has 
sung  in  immortal  verse;  and  Celia  Leigh- 
ton  Thaxter,  "sweet  singer  of  the  sea," 
born  in  Portsmouth,  living,  writing  and 
dying  on  Appledore,  Isle  of  Shoals.  Other 
talented  writers  of  wide  repute,  who  were 
born  in  New  Hampshire,  include  Constance 
Fennimore  Woolson,  native  of  Claremont; 
Mrs.  Annie  D.  Robinson  ("Marion  Doug- 
las"), (born  Green),  native  of  Plymouth; 
Kate  Sanborn,  native  of  Hanover;  Alice 
Brown,  born  in  Hampton  Falls;  Mary  Far- 
ley Sanborn,  born  in  Concord,  and  Eleanor 
Hodgman  Porter,  native  of  Littleton. 

In  the  musical  world  many  New  Hamp- 
shire women  have  been  prominent.  Marion 
McGregor,  native  of  Newport,  was  for  20 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  103 

years  organist  at  Broadway  Tabernacle, 
New  York  City.  Martha  Dana  Shepard, 
born  in  New  Hampton,  was  long  known 
throughout  New  England  as  an  accom- 
plished pianist  and  festival  accompanist. 
Laura  Wentworth  Fowler,  native  of  Som- 
ersworth,  was  a  successful  teacher  of 
music  in  Lagrange  Female  College,  Tenn., 
Monticello  Seminary,  111.,  and  Elmira  Col- 
lege, N.  Y.,  and  was  also  a  talented  writer. 
Ellen  Beal  Morey,  native  of  Orford,  who 
studied  pianoforte,  organ  and  theory  at 
Leipsic  and  Berlin  for  some  time,  after  sev- 
eral years  in  Boston,  on  her  return  or- 
gainzed  a  chorus  and  orchestra,  which  she 
herself  conducted,  being  the  first  woman 
in  America  to  wield  a  conductor's  baton. 
Mrs.  H.  M.  Smith  and  Emilie  Grant  Wil- 
kinson, both  of  Nashua,  were  well  known 
festival  soloists  for  many  years;  while 
Amy  Marcy  Cheney  (Mrs.  H.  H.  A.  Beach), 
born  in  Henniker,  has  won  national  fame 
as  a  composer,  as  well  as  a  pianist.  And 
now  the  most  popular  among  the  rising 
stars  in  the  American  musical  firmament, 
as  a  vocalist,  is  Edith  Bennett,  born  in  New 
Hampshire's  capital  city. 

In  missionary  work  New  Hampshire 
women  have  been  at  the  front  in  all  parts 
of  the  world,  as  is  shown  in  the  devoted 
service  of  Melinda  Rankin  of  Littleton,  in 


104  NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY 

Mexico,  of  Malvina  Chapin  Rowell  of  New- 
port in  the  Sandwich  Islands  (Hawaii),  of 
Mary  L.  Danforth  of  Colebrook  in  Japan, 
and  Mabel  Hartford  of  Dover  in  China. 

Elizabeth  Gardner  Borgereau,  native  of 
Exeter,  attained  celebrity  in  Paris  for  no- 
table work  as  an  artist,  and  some  of  her 
productions  are  now  cherished  in  her  na- 
tive town.  Alice  Palmer,  born  in  Orford, 
established  a  reputation  in  the  same  line  in 
Boston,  where  she  had  a  studio  for  many 
years. 

Even  in  professional  life,  especially  in 
medicine,  native  New  Hampshire  women 
have  come  to  the  front,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  comparatively  brief  as  has  been  the 
period  during  which  the  field  has  been 
open.  Martha  J.  Flanders,  native  of  Con- 
cord, was  among  the  pioneer  women  in  the 
field  of  medical  practice,  commencing  in 
Concord  in  1861  and  continuing  with  great 
success  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  for  many  years. 
Dr.  Emily  A.  Bruce,  native  of  Wolfeboro, 
long  in  practice  in  Boston,  and  Anna  Tay- 
lor Cole,  born  in  Whitefield,  in  practice  in 
Somerville,  are  other  prominent  examples 
in  this  line.  Ella  F.  Knowles,  a  daughter 
of  the  town  of  Northwood,  who  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  Burnham  and  Brown,  in 
Manchester,  gained  prominence     in     that 


A.  i 

Edna    Dean    Proctor 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE   IN    HISTORY  105 

profession  in  the  West  and  became  Assist- 
ant Attorney  General  of  Montana. 

Scores  of  New  Hampshire  women,  now 
active  in  social,  educational  and  philan- 
thropic work  in  our  own  midst,  like  Mary 
I.  Wood,  Susan  C.  Bancroft,  Alice  S.  Harri- 
man  and  Dorothy  Branch  Jackson,  and 
many  others,  who,  like  Harriet  P.  Dame  in 
Civil  War  days,  were  ministering  angels 
for  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  in  the  hos- 
pitals and  on  the  battlefields  of  Europe  in 
the  great  World  War,  are  as  worthy  of 
mention  as  any  that  have  been  named ;  but 
further  detail  is  impraticable. 

Let  it  be  remembered,  in  closing,  that, 
after  all,  it  is  not  to  the  men  and  women 
born  in  the  State,  whose  names  are  written 
large  in  the  record  of  human  achievement, 
that  credit  is  mainly  due,  and  honor 
should  be  most  largely  paid.  To  the 
mothers  of  these  men  and  women,  and  of 
thousands  more  at  home  and  abroad,  who, 
in  lofty  station  or  lowly  lot,  have  done 
their  duty  faithfully  and  well — to  the 
homemakers  and  the  homekeepers  of  the 
State,  who  from  the  log  cabin  days  of  the 
pioneers  in  their  stern  struggles  with  na- 
ture, on  the  one  hand,  and  with  savage  ene- 
mies on  the  other,  down  to  the  present  era 
of  comfort  and  luxury,  have  cheered  men 
on  in  their  daily  toil,  given  them  new  hope 


106  NEW    HAMPSHIRE  IN    HISTORY 

and  courage,  ambition  and  faith;  kept  the 
"home-fires"  brightly  burning,  around 
which,  as  in  a  haven  of  rest,  husbands  and 
sons  have  gathered  in  sweet  content  after 
the  hard  day's  toil ;  who  have  instilled  in 
the  minds  of  their  children  the  lessons  of 
truth  and  duty,  virtue  and  sobriety,  of 
faith  in  God  and  love  for  their  country  and 
their  fellow  men  throughout  the  world — 
to  these  uncrowned  queens  of  our  New 
Hampshire  homes  are  due  all  honor  and 
praise  for  New  Hampshire's  glorious  part 
in  the  history  of  the  nation  and  the  pro- 
gress of  the  world. 


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